COLOMBIA WITH A DIFFERENCE TOUR REPORT 2024

17 January - 5 / 12 February 2024

by Trevor Ellery

We started the tour with an early departure from Bogota, so as to avoid the traffic and journeyed north through the Cundinamarca and Boyacá altiplanos, along the spine of the Eastern Andes. This area has been heavily populated for many years and natural habitat was scarce, though we did manage a few of the more common open country species, including Great Thrush, Eared Dove, Rufous-collared Sparrow and Western Cattle Egret. As we wended our way further into the more remote and mountainous regions, we began to see some remnant oak forest patches clinging to the steep slopes. Once they became more extensive, we stopped and began searching on the off chance that our main target, the endemic Colombian Mountain Grackle, may still be present. While we failed to find the Grackle, we de locate a selection of commoner Andean species, including White-throated Tyrannulet, Cinnamon Flycatcher, Brown-capped Vireo, Ashy-throated Chlorospingus, Golden-fronted Whitestart (of the white spectacled, ornatus subspecies), Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager, Longuemare’s Sunangel and some nice White-tipped Swifts. We arrived in the arid Chicamocha canyon in the late morning and immediately visited a new Hummingbird garden. We found that the once tricky endemic Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird, was abundant at these feeders. Other species included the endemic Indigo-capped Hummingbird, Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, Black-throated Mango and White-bellied Woodstar. The surrounding scrub and gardens held Yellow-backed and Baltimore Orioles, Tropical Parula, Bicoloured wren and both Scrub and Tooth-billed Tanagers. We then dropped down to the lower valley for lunch and a post lunch stroll added a vocal pair of the endemic Apical Flycatcher. With the heat of the day subsiding, it was time to climb back to slightly higher elevations and it only took a very brief search to locate our fourth endemic of the day, a very obliging Niceforo’s Wren. It was then decided to climb up to the lower reaches of the Oak forest above the valley, once again in search of in search of the Mountain Grackle. We failed to locate any Grackles but we did find White-collared Swift, Buff-tailed Coronet, our first Inca Jays and a Pale-bellied Tapaculo.

The following morning, we left before dawn and climbed to the ridge line, where we quickly located a couple of calling White-throated Screech Owls, which showed well. We then spent much of the morning searching for Mountain Grackle without success. A change of tactics was needed, so we crossed over the ridge and descended to the thick Oak forest on the other side. This almost immediately produced results, as a garrulous party of noisy Mountain Grackles moved into view. The Grackles were to prove much commoner on this side of the mountain and we saw multiple groups during the morning, which we estimated totalled a remarkable forty-eight individuals. Other species we encountered including a magnificent pair of Powerful Woodpeckers and a couple of brief sightings of Rusty-faced Parrot, with eight birds passing overhead and a pair flying out from directly beneath us, when scanning from a lookout. A distant but still impressive male Red-hooded Tanager was an unexpected bonus. We continued to amass a steady list of Andean species with Speckled Hummingbird, Tyrian Metaltail, Smoky-brown and Crimson-mantled Woodpeckers, Montane Woodcreeper, Black-capped Tyrannulet, Smoke-coloured Pewee, Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant, Yellow-bellied Siskin, Masked Trogon, Beryl-spangled Tanager and Mountain Cacique. The number of overwintering Blackburnian Warblers was also notable, with it being the most abundant species in any mixed flock and seeming to be present at a higher density in these Oak forests, than anywhere else in the Andes. Clearly these highly threatened and rather unique forests, are of great importance for boreal migrants, as well as a small suite of Colombian endemics.

Our third day above the Chicamocha canyon was spent searching for Gorgeted Wood Quail but despite much effort, we could find no sign. We did add Chestnut-crowned Antpitta, Glossy-black Thrush and Slate-throated Whitestart, along with many of the species that we had seen the previous day. We then had a long journey back to Bogota, with a couple of brief roadside stops adding Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant and White-tailed Kite.

Our fourth day began with an early morning flight to the bustling city of Valledupar in northern Colombia. We arrived at the oppressive heat of this narrow valley, wedged between the Santa Marta and Perija mountain ranges. We quickly met our jeeps and were whisked up into the cooler foothills of the Perija Mountains. Our first target was the endemic Perija Brushfinch and after a short search, we enjoyed good views of a rather skulking individual. We also noted an obliging Moustached Puffbird and picked up our first Golden-crowned Warblers. While plenty of commoner species were present at the base of the mountains, we continued to ascend in search of specialities. At our next stop we staked out some flowers in the garden of a friendly campesino. While he was preparing us Coffee from his Finca, a lovely restricted range Rufous-shafted Woodstar appeared and danced around the orange blossoms in front of us. We then continued up the mountain and stopped to try for Maroon-chested Ground Dove, an erratic and nomadic species, which had recently been found in the Perija. Despite much effort we were only able to hear and not see this enigmatic species. Despite this disappointment we carried on birding and soon located our next endemic, with a Perija Tapaculo showing well. Other species that we found on the upper slopes included Andean Guan, a brief Black-and-chestnut Eagle, an obliging White-throated Toucanet and a Rufous Spinetail (of the Perija endemic munoztebari subspecies, which is a potential split). Further birding produced Spectacled Tyrannulet, Streak-throated Bush Tyrant, Oleaginous Hemispingus, Black-crested Warbler (a vocally distinct form) and Common Chlorospingus (of the Perija endemic ponsi subspecies). We arrived at our lodge in the late afternoon, where the feeders were busy with more Longuemare’s Sunangels and both Lesser and Sparkling Violetears. The seed feeders meanwhile attracted the Perija endemic Black-fronted Brushfinch and the striking fumidus race of Slaty Brushfinch. We ended the day with a vocal male Band-winged Nightjar briefly flying around at dusk.

The following morning, we ascended high above the Lodge to the Paramo of Sabana Rubia, where we were to search for many of the key Perija endemics. Soon after dawn we located a vocal and eventually showy Perija Thistletail. We followed this with several endemic Perija Metaltails, with individuals of both sexes showing well. We did have to be careful though not to confuse them with the districta race Tyrian Metaltails, which were also present (and which is also a potential split). The recently split Perija Antpitta proved trickier but we all eventually obtained reasonable views of this skulking species. Other avian highlights included Lacrimose Mountain Tanagers (of the endemic and distinctive pallididorsalis, which is yet another potential split) and an obliging Andean Pygmy Owl. One of the toughest endemics in the Perija is the recently split Perija Starfrontlet but we managed to see three, dashing about on the Paramo edge and we even obtained some record shots of a young male. We also added Andean Condor, Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle White-browed Spinetail, Red-crested Cotinga, Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant, Mountain Wren and a couple of Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonias. Mixed flocks held Hooded Mountain and Blue-capped Tanagers, Pearled Treerunner and Blue-backed Conebills.

The following day we made a slow descent from the Perija with the upper slopes producing Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher, Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant, Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager, Plushcap and Coppery Emerald. The lower slopes also held plenty of new species for the trip, including Streak-headed Woodcreeper, Pale-eyed Pygmy Tyrant, Greenish Elaenia, Whiskered, Rufous-breasted and Rufous-and-white Wrens, Golden-winged Sparrow and Chestnut-capped Warbler. A fine selection of boreal migrants featured with Black-and-white, Tennessee and Mourning warblers, American Redstart, Yellow-throated Vireo and Rose-breasted Grosbeak. We also logged a confiding Blue-black Grosbeaks, while new Tanagers included Black-faced, Crimson-backed, Blue-capped, Fawn-breasted and Black-headed. A late evening visit to the dry forests of the Los Besotes reserve was fairly quiet, with the extreme drought that Colombia was experiencing, possibly affecting the avian activity at this site. We did locate a male Pauraque, both Red-billed Emerald and Shining-green Hummingbird, Brown-throated Parakeet, Caribbean Hornero, Northern White-fringed Antwren and our first Scrub Greenlets. A final surprise was a pair of Double-striped Thick-knees, illuminated in the headlights on the drive out.

The next morning, we returned to Los Besotes and after much searching, we located a couple of Venezuelan Flycatchers. The forest and scrub were more productive in these early cooler hours and we also managed to find Crested Bobwhites, Scaled and Common Ground Doves and Plain-brown Woodcreeper. A hat trick of Antshrikes featured Black-crested, Black-backed and Black-crowned, which were all seen well. We also added a few species whose distribution creeps down from the nearby Guajira peninsula, including White-whiskered Spinetail, Glaucous Tanager and both Pale-tipped and Slender-billed Inezias. It was very productive for Flycatchers with Ochre-lored and Yellow-olive Flatbills, Forest Elaenia, Great-crested and Brown-crested Flycatchers and a surprise Fuscous Flycatcher. A few further commoner species included our first Yellow Orioles and Rufous-browed Peppershrike. We then made the transfer south to La Jagua del Ibrico. The main road was blocked by a local protest, so we had to extract our luggage from one van, walk across the roadblock and then connect with another van once we had passed it, an interesting experience! Upon arrival at La Jagua we climbed into some jeeps and headed back up into the mountains. Our destination was a remote Finca, where we hoped to connect with another Perija endemic. We were extremely fortunate, as almost immediately upon arrival we found a small group of the truly stunning Perija Parakeet, feeding in a bush just behind the kitchen! With our main target in the bag and having enjoyed some superlative views, it was time for lunch. We followed this with some afternoon birding, where we added Sooty-capped Hermit, Long-billed Gnatwren, and Cocoa Woodcreeper.

The following morning, we left early for the drive to the Bushbird Reserve, arriving at this rather remote location in the mid-morning. Some initial searching for the Bushbird produced either heard only or very brief glimpses. We did though connect with a range of other key species including Grey-throated Warbler, Stripe-breasted Spinetail and a wonderful Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush. Towards the late afternoon we birded along the road, where we found some smart Chestnut-bellied Thrushes, the local Moustached Brushfinch and towards dusk, a nice group of Band-tailed Guans.

The following morning, we decided to try a different area and were rewarded with superb views of a pair of Recurve-billed Bushbirds, with the male being especially obliging. We also added our final key target, with a skulking Klages’s Antbird showing well. Commoner species included Golden-bellied and Dusky-capped Flycatchers, Speckled Tanager and Plain Antvireo. It was then time to make the long drive to the Cerulean Warbler reserve, with a lunch stop in the Magdalena Valley adding a few commoner species. It was the final part of the drive that was to prove most productive though. Our first brief stop produced a nice male Jet Antbird and then, as we began to climb into the Cacao plantations, further judicious pauses allowed us to add Double-banded Greytail, Barred Puffbird , Violet-bellied Hummingbird, Plain-coloured Tanager, White-eared Conebill and Yellow-tufted Dacnis. We arrived at the lodge just in time to be shown a surprise, bonus roosting Black-and-white Owl! We were based in the Cerulean Reserve for several nights and we were to spend much of the next two days, on the trails in the lovely subtropical forest above the reserve. A new access track meant that it was possible to now drive most of the way up to the forest, which gave us more flexibility and we interspersed long hikes in the forest, with some birding at the lodge and in the surrounding Coffee and Cacao plantations.

Our first early morning visit to the forest produced a surprise Rufous-bellied Nighthawk, perching on fence posts near the trail entrance and we also managed to not just hear but also see a Highland Tinamou, scurrying down the trail. The Hummingbird feeders in the forest hosted the endemic Black Inca along with Green-crowned and Fawn-breasted Brilliants and White-booted Racket, while the seed feeder allowed good views of Ruddy Quail-Dove and Chestnut-capped Brushfinch. We stayed out past dusk on one night and managed superlative views of a very confiding Cinnamon Screech Owl. We also spent time working the flocks and searching the understorey in the forest and this proved very productive. We found Collared Trogon, Uniform Antshrike, Slaty Antwren, the endemic Parker’s Antbird and a skulking pair of Blue-lore Antbirds. Ranging through the canopy were Rufous-rumped Antwren, Brown-billed Scythebill, Olive-backed Woodcreeper, Montane and Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaners, Variegated Bristle Tyrant, Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet and Rufous-naped Greenlet. We also enjoyed a couple of Chestnut-crowned Gnateaters and after much effort the endemic Magdalena Tapaculo. Further avian delights included Subtropical Cacique, Golden-winged Warbler, White-winged Becard, Metallic-green and Golden Tanagers and Blue-winged Mountain Tanager. A White-bellied Antpitta was also glimpsed after a very patient wait. When not in the forest we were invariably to be found in the vicinity of the lodge. The busy hummingbird feeder held Brown Violetear, White-necked Jacobin and Short-tailed Emerald along with a plethora of commoner species. Other species in the grounds included both Spot-breasted and Lineated Woodpeckers and endemic Colombian Chachalacas, while a Black Hawk-Eagle was noted drifting overhead! We also spent an early morning staking out a favoured tree and duly enjoyed good scope views of the endemic Turquoise Dacnis, while a few stop on the drive up to main reserve, allowed good views of Black-headed Brushfinch and an outrageous six Cerulean Warblers!

Our final morning was spent slowly birding our way out of the San Vicente area but not before we had added a confiding Mottled Owl in the lodge grounds. We descend once again to the mid elevations on the mountain and a busy morning produced Collared Aracari, a very obliging Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo, Laughing Falcon, Spectacled Parrotlet, Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher, Golden-rumped Euphonia and many commoner species. We then made the journey down the Magdalena valley and into the Paujil reserve, with some birding stops enroute. The long drive into Paujil was enlivened by our first Northern Screamers and the wetlands also held Green Ibis, Rufescent Tiger-Heron and White-headed Marsh Tyrant. The verdant vegetation along the track side produced Plain-breasted Ground Dove, Grey Seedeater and Thick-billed Seedfinch. We arrived at the lodge at dusk and a highlight of the evening was a Choco Screech Owl, which ended up in the forest guard’s house. This necessitated an early wake up call for many of the group, who had only just climbed into bed! The Owl gave fantastic views, before it was captured and released back out into the night.

The following day we had a full day at the Paujil Reserve, where the main highlight was of course the very obliging Curassows. We had a spectacular twelve birds wandering around the Lodge, where they are now very habituated. We also enjoyed Blue-chested Hummingbird, Stripe-throated Hermit, a couple of Grey-cowled Wood Rails, White-tailed and Gartered Trogons and Citron-throated Toucan. We were kept busy overhead with Mealy and Orange-winged Parrots and both Blue-and- yellow and Chestnut-fronted Macaws. We teased out a male Black Antshrike, enjoyed a confiding Chestnut-backed Antbird and had great views of the localised Black-billed Flycatcher. Other species noted during what was a very busy day, included Rufous Mourner, Black-bellied Wren, Fulvous-vented Euphonia, Golden-hooded and Yellow-backed Tanagers, Golden-headed Manakin, Swallow-tailed Kite and King Vulture. Beautiful Woodpecker eluded us for much of the morning but then we located some calling right above the lodge and they soon showed well, while we also located White-fronted Nunbird and Cinnamon Woodpecker near one of the cabins. In the evening, we managed to tape in a couple of spectacular Spectacled Owls, while mammals included Humboldt’s White-faced Capuchin, Central American Agouti and Brown Spider Monkey.

The following morning, we hiked out, after some early morning birding and then made the long drive to the Piha Reserve. On the walk out we managed an eleventh-hour Sooty Ant Tanager and also picked up some nice(Lesser) Pied Puffbirds. Much of the rest of the day was spent with the long drive north to the Piha reserve, though a short birding stop near the reserve did produce a group of White-footed Tamarins.

The next day we first drove to a ridge, where we enjoyed great views of the endemic Chestnut-capped Piha, before spending much of the day hiking the trails in the reserve. The trails produced a steady stream of interesting species including Western Woodhaunter, Spotted Woodcreeper, endemic Black-and-gold Tanager, stunning Purplish-mantled Tanager and a couple of Indigo Flowerpiercers. A Pale-vented Thrush was a real surprise and we also added White-crowned Manakin, Yellow-throated Chlorospingus, Red-headed Barbet, and Silver-throated Tanager. In the late afternoon we returned to the lodge, where we manged to see Purple-throated Woodstar, Greenish Puffleg and Crowned Woodnymph on the feeders.

Our final morning at the Piha reserve was spent birding both the road and the trails. The road birding was very productive, as we had a group of Blue-fronted Parrotlets fly through. We also got good looks at a group of three Scarlet-and-white Tanagers, Sooty Headed Wren and our first White-naped Brushfinches. A short walk on the trails added Green-fronted Lancebill, Ochre-breasted Antpitta and White-crowned Tapaculo. After an early lunch we slowly birded down the road below the lodge. A very obliging Magdalena Antbird was a real highlight and we also found four endemic White-mantled Barbets and the near-endemic Bar-crested Antshrike. Other species seen included Checker-throated Stipplethroat, White-bibbed and Striolated Manakins, Slaty Spinetail, Olivaceous Flatbill, Dusky-faced, White-shouldered, Tawny-crested and Guira Tanagers and Bay Wren. We then had a slight change of plan and rather than driving to our original destination we headed off to Santa Rosa de Osos on the trail of a completely new species.

The following morning, we met a local guide who whisked us off to a brand-new reserve. This reserve was supposed to hold our main target, the endemic and recently rediscovered Antioquia Brushfinch but was also said to host a new species of Antpitta. Shortly after arrival we were taken to a feeding station, where a very obliging individual of this new Antpitta showed well. It was clearly a Tawny Antpitta type but was more golden in colour, had a larger bill and was occurring in scrubby subparamo, rather than true paramo habitat. After taking our fill of this exciting new species, we spent more time looking for the Antioquia Brushfinch, which was rather elusive but which eventually showed well. We also logged the local Black-throated Flowerpiercers, of the highly isolated vuilleumieri race, which is almost certainly a split in waiting. Other specie seen included Flammulated Treehunter, Black-collared Jay, Grey-browed Brushfinch, Collared Inca and Golden-fronted Redstart (of the golden-fronted chrysops form, which is a potential split). Following this we began the drive to Urrao, which due to various protest and road problems, became extremely long and tortuous and we arrived at our Hotel late in the night.

The following morning, we still had to rise early, as we needed to head up into the mountain for the day. We began the ascent to the Colibri del Sol reserve, with some on horseback and some on foot. Birding opportunities during the climb were few and we headed straight for the reserve house, where a hearty breakfast awaited us. We watched the hummingbird feeders, while feasting on Arepas and hot chocolate and these held Long-tailed Sylph, Mountain Velvetbreast and Sword-billed Hummingbird. Most of our main targets were higher still, so we continued on up the increasingly steep slopes. Whether on horse or foot, I think that we were all happy to reach the upper feeders. Here a female of the endemic and highly localised Dusky Starfrontlet showed well and then; after continuing a bit further, we managed good views of the endemic Paramillo Tapaculo. A fine male Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer completed the trio of key endemics from this higher elevation and it was soon time to begin the much easier descent to the Lodge. Our final target was the endemic and highly localised Urrao Antpitta, which had been erratically visiting a feeding station. We had looked in the morning with no success but when we arrived, we were amazed to find it sitting there waiting to be fed. It had been a long day but with all four of the key endemics in the bag, it was a happy, if tired group, which began the final descent to Urrao. We added little else as we hiked out, though better views of Black-collared Jay and a fly through by some Rusty-faced Parrots, helped break up the hike.

The next day we left Urrao early and headed for the Cauca valley, where we hoped to mop up some Cauca Valley endemics. We quickly located Antioquia Wren and followed this with a couple of Greyish Piculets. Having found these key species so quickly, we had some time for general birding and commoner species seen included, Red-rumped Woodpecker, abundant Scarlet-fronted Parakeets, a couple of Cinereous Becards, a nice Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher, a couple of Northern Mouse-coloured Tyrannulets, some Clay-coloured Thrushes and a couple of Black-striped Sparrows. We then continued on to Medellin, with a lunch stop adding Acorn Woodpecker, both Olive-grey and Black-winged Saltators and Flame-rumped Tanager. In the late afternoon we visited La Romera, where we quite quickly located an endemic male Yellow-headed Manakin and a few commoner species, including Andean Motmot.

The following morning most of the group opted to stay in the Hotel but one stalwart was keen for another visit to La Romera. This proved to be productive, with good views of the endemic Red-bellied Grackle, a lovely singing Andean Solitaire, abundant Sickle-winged Guans, Common Chlorospingus, Russet-crowned Warbler, Azara’s Spinetail and Black-capped Tanager, among a host of commoner species. We then caught an early afternoon flight to Bogota and said goodbye to two of the group, who were connecting with international flights, while the rest of us retired to a Hotel for the night.

The next morning, we had a very early start to catch a very early flight to Mitu. This meant though, that we could have much of a day birding in Mitu. By mid-morning we were already watching a group of Maroon-tailed Parakeets by the side of the road, on the outskirts of the town. We then birded around a covered bridge, where we quickly found Yellow-bellied Dacnis, Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher, Bronzy Jacamar and Cherries Antwren. Swallow-winged Puffbirds hawked from most available perches, Short-tailed and Fork-tailed Palm Swifts passed overhead, our first Greater Yellow-headed Vultures cruised by and Black-chinned Antbirds skulked along the waterways. We returned to the same area in the afternoon and this time ventured further into the community. A female Black-bellied Thorntail was a bonus as was a Dusky-billed Parrotlet, which was mixed with a flock of Cobalt-winged Parakeets, both being generally scarce or possibly overlooked in the Mitu area. We also found Gilded Barbet, Black Caracara, Black-headed Parrots, lots of Red-bellied Macaws and a pair of scarlet Macaws. A male Spangled Cotinga perched on a distant tree and a young and quite confiding White-browed Purpletuft was much appreciated. We logged a veritable avalanche of new flycatchers with Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher, White-lored Tyrannulet, Slender-footed Tyrannulet and Amazonian Tyrannulet. A stealthy group of Azure-naped Jays were a key target and a species which can often be tricky to locate. The same can be said for a singing Plumbeous Euphonia, while other Euphonias seen included Golden-bellied, Rufous-bellied and White-lored Euphonia. New Tanagers featured with Masked, Turquoise and Opal-rumped all seen well, while we also recorded both Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch and Chestnut-bellied Seedeater. After a couple of weeks in the Andes, to suddenly be presented with so many new species in such a short time was quite exhilarating!

The following day we headed out into the infamous and sometimes unforgiving Mitu Cachivera trail. We left especially early and this proved to be very beneficial, as soon after dawn we located one of the key Mitu targets, a vocal and surprisingly responsive Bar-bellied Woodcreeper. We followed this with a couple of Grey-bellied Antbirds that skulked at our feet and then had brief views of one of the holy grails, a male Purple-breasted Cotinga, which perched out for a short period. The tone was set for the rest of the morning and the targets kept coming thick and fast. Black Manakin showed well, Citron-bellied Attila performed admirably and we enjoyed good views of both Yellow-crested Manakin and Saffron-crowned Tyrant-Manakins. A pair of fairly responsive Chestnut-crested Antbirds also made several passes. This species can be notoriously difficult to locate, so to see them on our first full day and at an unexpected site, was especially fortuitous. We also found Lettered and Many-banded Aracaris, Amazonian Antshrike, Rufous-backed Stipplethroat, Spot-backed Antwren, Black-throated Antbird, Blue-capped Manakin and an obliging female Pompadour Cotinga. Flycatchers included Fuscous (the duidae race), Dusky-chested, Sulphury and Yellow-throated, while we also added White-eyed Tody-tyrant, Brown-headed Greenlet and Fulvous-crested and Paradise Tanagers. It really was a superlative mornings birding, with a surfeit of key targets logged on a trail, which can at times be very hard birding. In the afternoon we visited the Bocotoma trail where birding was inevitably slower. The only significant additions were a Brown-winged Schiffornis and a brief White-chinned Woodcreeper, although we did enjoy good views of a few of the species that we had seen earlier.

The following morning, we left very early and headed to a well-known bridge. We waited in the half light and after a short time enjoyed great views of a male Fiery Topaz, as it danced over the water. Other species seen in the area included Reddish Hermit, Black-eared fairy and then a real surprise, with an Orinoco Piculet, located feeding at the forest edge. We also spent some time on a skulking Black Bushbird, which eventually showed well, representing our second Bushbird species of the trip! Olive Oropendolas were seen flying over and Amazonian Grosbeaks sulked in the understorey. We then moved on to the Pueblo Nuevo area, where we birded several trails in the late morning and again in the afternoon. We found a multitude of species including Chestnut-eared Aracari, Channel-billed and White-throated Toucans, Red-fan Parrot, Imeri Warbling Antbird, a skulking male Black-headed Antbird and a Short-billed Leaftosser. Mixed flocks held Olive-Backed Foliage-gleaner and Eastern Woodhaunter and we also picked up Magpie Tanager, Red-throated Caracara and White-crowned Manakin.

The following day we drove a long way out of Mitu and started birding along a remote road surrounded by primary forest. This produced Paradise Jacamar, White-fronted Nunbird, Ivory-billed Aracari, Red-necked, Waved and Chestnut Woodpeckers and Pink-throated Becard. A vocal pair of Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaners showed well and we finally caught up with Grey Antbird, while migrant Olive-sided Flycatchers mixed with the Jacamars on the overhead power lines. We then birded a nearby trail, where we added Great Jacamar, Rufous-tailed Xenops and Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner. A key target was Yellow-throated Antwren and after much neck straining, we were able to observe this canopy loving species. Lunch by a hydro-electric scheme gave us a brief respite from the forest birding and the impressive rapids held Black-collared, White-banded and White-winged Swallow, Large-billed Tern and Pied Plover. The afternoon was inevitable much quieter but did produce a major target with a male Tawny-tufted Toucanet eventually showing well. Mammals seen during the day included some quite confiding Lucifer Titis and a Common Opossum, which was foraging along the roadside early in the morning.

The following day we returned to the Pueblo Nuevo area where we first visited a favoured Parrot feeding area. Here we saw hundreds of Orange-cheeked Amazons while a couple of Kewell’s Parrots flew over. We also picked up the much-desired Green-tailed Goldenthroat and added (Greater) Pied Puffbird and Speckled Chachalaca. The rest of the day was spent along various trails in the Pueblo Nuevo area. These were rather quiet at times but we did manage to eke out White-chested Puffbird, Pearly Antshrike, Rufous-capped Antthrush and a Duidae Woodcreeper.

Our last morning in Mitu was spent on the Bocotoma Trail, where we had good views of some skulking Collared Gnatwrens and a lovely Ringed Antpipit. We also found Buff-throated Woodcreeper and Rufous-tailed Flatbill, while a quick stop on the drive back to the Hotel produced Point-tailed Palmcreeper. We then caught a flight to Bogota, where upon arrival we had to immediately set off down the eastern Andes. Road closures meant that we would not be able to access the area that we wanted to visit the next day, unless we spent the night nearby. After battling various traffic problems, we eventually made a late arrival at our Hotel. It was not ideal but it would mean that we could chase another endemic the following day.

Our final morning involved a very steep jeep ride high into the mountains, where we visited a Finca that had a hand fed endemic Cundinamarca Antpitta. The Antpitta performed admirably shortly after our arrival and we also logged the localised Ochre-breasted Brushfinch in the garden. We had time to bird some of the trails and this produced a brief Muisca Antpitta and a couple of Long-tailed Tapaculos. A pair of Rufous-banded Owls were also seen at roost and we added White-throated Toucanet and nice views of more Inca and Black-collared Jays. It was then time to leave, allowing plenty of time for the climb back up to Bogota, where our wonderful Colombia adventure finished in the afternoon. Despite various hiccups, we had managed to visit many remote regions of Colombia and to see some of its lesser-known endemics and specialities. It really had been an intoxicating cocktail of quality birds and fantastic scenery, a truly memorable adventure.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE TOUR

Species marked with the diamond symbol (◊) are either endemic to the country or local region or considered ‘special’ birds for some other reason (e.g., it is only seen on one or two Birdquest tours; it is difficult to see across all or most of its range; the local form is endemic or restricted-range and may in future be treated as a full species).

The species names and taxonomy used in the bird list follows Gill, F., Donsker, D., & Rasmussen, P.(Eds). 2024. IOC World Bird List (v14.1).

Where the subspecies seen is/are known, these are often given in parentheses at the end of the species comment.

Species only likely on the Cundinamarca Antpitta & Mitú post-tour Extension are marked with the symbol E.

BIRDS

Great Tinamou Tinamus major Heard.

White-throated Tinamou Tinamus guttaus Heard.

Highland Tinamou ◊ Nothocercus bonapartei A single seen on the trail at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve.

Tawny-breasted Tinamou ◊ Nothocercus Julius Heard.

Cinereous Tinamou Crypturellus cinereus Heard.

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui Heard.

Grey-legged Tinamou ◊ Crypturellus duidae Heard.

Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus Heard.

Northern Screamer ◊ Chauna chavaria Seen on the drives in and out of Paujil, maximum five.

Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Seen at a lunch stop in the Magdalena Valley.

Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata Seen at the Parrot stakeout at Mitu.

Colombian Chachalaca ◊ Ortalis columbiana Endemic. Seen on multiple days during the trip.

Band-tailed Guan ◊ Penelope argyrotis Four were seen at dusk at the Bushbird Reserve.

Andean Guan ◊ Penelope montagnii A couple were seen on our first day in the Perija.

Spix’s Guan Penelope jacquacu

Wattled Guan ◊ Aburria aburri Heard.

Sickle-winged Guan ◊ Chamaepetes goudotii Seen commonly at multiple sites.

Blue-billed Curassow ◊ Crax alberti Endemic.A minimum of twelve at were seen at Paujil.

Crested Bobwhite ◊ Colinus cristatus Four were seen well at Los Besotes.

Marbled Wood Quail Odontophorus gujanensis Heard below the lodge at the Piha Reserve.

Black-fronted Wood Quail ◊ Odontophorus atrifrons Non leader. One group member stayed behind at the Perija lodge on one afternoon and saw two visiting the feeder.

Chestnut Wood Quail ◊ Odontophorus hyperythrus Endemic. Heard.

Gorgeted Wood Quail ◊ Odontophorus strophium Endemic. Heard.

Short-tailed Nighthawk Lurocalis semitorquatus Seen at Mitu.

Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris A single perched on fence posts at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve.

Blackish Nightjar Nyctipolus nigrescens Seen at Mitu.

Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis

Band-winged Nightjar Systellura longirostris Seen at several sites, with best views in the Perija.

Lyre-tailed Nightjar ◊ Uropsalis lyra  A female briefly at dawn at the Piha Reserve.

Rufous Nightjar Antrostomus rufus Heard.

Common Potoo Nyctibius griseus Heard.

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris

Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris

Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura

White-tipped Swift Aeronautes montivagus Seen at several Andean sites.

Fork-tailed Palm Swift Tachornis squamata

Fiery Topaz ◊ Topaza pyra A dazzling male at Mitu.

White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora

Stripe-throated Hermit Phaethornis striigularis

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

Sooty-capped Hermit Phaethornis augusti

Pale-bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus Heard.

Green Hermit Phaethornis guy

Great-billed Hermit Phaethornis malaris

Green-fronted Lancebill ◊ Doryfera ludovicae A single showed well at the Piha Reserve.

Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae

Lesser Violetear Colibri cyanotus

Sparkling Violetear Colibri coruscans

Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx auritus

Green-tailed Goldenthroat ◊ Polytmus theresiae A single at the Parrot stakeout at Mitu.

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis

Longuemare’s Sunangel ◊ Heliangelus clarisse Common at Soata and in the Perija.

Tourmaline Sunangel Heliangelus exortis

Black-bellied Thorntail ◊ Discosura langsdorffi A couple of females on separate days at Mitu were a tour highlight.

Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys

Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingii

Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina The nominate race was seen in the Andes, while the districta form was seen in the Perija – a potential split.

Perija Metaltail ◊ Metallura iracunda Multiple individuals were seen on the Paramo in the Perija.

Greenish Puffleg ◊ Haplophaedia aureliae Seen at the Piha Reserve and La Romera.

Black Inca ◊ Coeligena prunellei Endemic. Seen on the feeders at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve.

Collared Inca Coeligena torquata

Dusky Starfrontlet ◊ Coeligena orina Endemic. A couple showed well after out long hike at the Colibri del Sol Reserve.

Perija Starfrontlet ◊ Coeligena consita A minimum of three, including a dazzling male, at the Perija Reserve, were a trip highlight.

Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi

Sword-billed Hummingbird Ensifera ensifera This iconic species showed well at Colibri Del Sol.

Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens

White-booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii

Fawn-breasted Brilliant ◊ Heliodoxa rubinoides

Green-crowned Brilliant Heliodoxa jacula

Purple-throated Woodstar ◊ Philodice mitchellii

White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant

Rufous-shafted Woodstar ◊ Chaetocercus jourdanii Several were seen visiting flowering bushes in the Perija.

Red-billed Emerald ◊ Chlorostilbon gibsoni

Coppery Emerald ◊ Chlorostilbon russatus A single was seen on the descent from the Perija Lodge.

Short-tailed Emerald ◊ Chlorostilbon poortmani A single was seen at the Cerulean Reserve.

White-vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii

Crowned Woodnymph ◊ (Violet-c W) Thalurania [colombica] colombica

Crowned Woodnymph ◊ (Green-c W) Thalurania [colombica] fannyae

Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata

Steely-vented Hummingbird Saucerottia saucerottei

Indigo-capped Hummingbird ◊ Saucerottia cyanifrons Endemic.Seen in the Chicamocha canyon and at the Cerulean Reserve.

Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird ◊ Saucerottia castaneiventris Endemic. Abundant at the feeders in the Chicamocha canyon.

Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl

Andean Emerald Uranomitra franciae

Shining-green Hummingbird ◊ Chrysuronia goudoti Seen on both visits to Los Besotes Reserve.

Versicolored Emerald Chrysuronia versicolor

Blue-chested Hummingbird Polyerata amabilis

Violet-bellied Hummingbird Chlorestes julie

Greater Ani Crotophaga major

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia

Pavonine Cuckoo Dromococcyx pavoninus Heard.

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Black-bellied Cuckoo Piaya melanogaster

Rock Dove (introduced) Columba livia

Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plúmbea Non leader.

Ruddy Pigeon Patagioenas subvinacea

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

Common Ground Dove Columbina passerina

Plain-breasted Ground Dove Columbina minuta

Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti

Blue Ground Dove Claravis pretiosa

Maroon-chested Ground Dove ◊ Paraclaravis mondetoura Heard.

Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana A single was seen well at the Cerulean Reserve.

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

Grey-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Heard.

Lined Quail-Dove ◊ Zentrygon linearis Heard.

Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata

Grey-cowled Wood Rail Aramides cajaneus

Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica

Double-striped Thick-knee Burhinus bistriatus A couple of the Los Besotes entrance track

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Pied Plover (P Lapwing) Hoploxypterus cayanus A couple at Mitu.

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria

Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianum

Green Ibis Mesembrinibis cayennensis A single on the drive into Paujil.

Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus

Rufescent Tiger Heron Tigrisoma lineatum A single on the drive into Paujil.

Striated Heron Butorides striata

Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi

Great Egret (American G E) Ardea [alba] egretta

Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Seen at Paujil and Mitu.

Andean Condor ◊ vulture gryphus Seen in the Perija mountains.

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes melambrotus

Osprey Pandion haliaetus

White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus

Grey-headed Kite Leptodon cayanensis

Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus Seen overhead at Paujil and the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-and-chestnut Eagle Spizaetus isidori A brief single in the Perija mountains.

Double-toothed Kite Harpagus bidentatus

Plain-breasted Hawk Accipiter ventralis

Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris

Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus A couple over the Paramo in the Perija.

Grey-lined Hawk Buteo nitidus

Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus

Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus

Andean Pygmy Owl Glaucidium jardinii A single showed well on the Paramo in the Perija.

Ferruginous Pygmy Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Heard at Los Besotes.

White-throated Screech Owl Megascops albogularis A pair were seen well at Soata.

Tropical Screech Owl Megascops choliba

Cinnamon Screech Owl ◊ Megascops petersoni Seen well at the Cerulean Reserve.

Choco Screech Owl ◊ Megascops centralis Seen well at Paujil.

Spectacled Owl Pulsatrix perspicillata A pair were seen well at Paujil.

Mottled Owl Strix virgate Seen well at the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-and-white Owl ◊ Strix nigrolineata A single on a day roost at the Cerulean Reserve.

Rufous-banded Owl ◊ Strix albitarsis Non-leader. A roosting pair were shown to the group by the local guide at Finca La Herrea.

Pavonine Quetzal Pharomachrus pavoninus Heard.

Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps Heard.

White-tailed Trogon (Western W-t T) Trogon chionurus

Green-backed Trogon Trogon viridis Heard.

Gartered Trogon (Northern Violaceous T) Trogon caligatus

Amazonian Trogon Trogon ramonianus Heard.

Collared Trogon Trogon collaris

Masked Trogon Trogon personatus

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana

Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Non leader.

Andean Motmot ◊ (Highland M) Momotus aequatorialis

Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii Non leader.

Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Heard.

Bronzy Jacamar ◊ Galbula leucogastra Seen well at Mitu.

Paradise Jacamar Galbula dea Seen well at Mitu

Great Jacamar Jacamerops aureus Seen well at Mitu

Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus ‘Lesser’ Pied Puffbirds were seen on the drive out of Paujil and a ‘Greater’ Pied Puffbird was seen at Mitu.

Barred Puffbird ◊ Nystalus radiates A single seen well in the Cacao plantations below San Vicente.

Russet-throated Puffbird ◊ Hypnelus ruficollis Heard

White-chested Puffbird ◊ Malacoptila fusca A single seen well at Mitu.

Moustached Puffbird ◊ Malacoptila mystacalis Seen well on multiple days of the drip, including in the Perija and at the Bushbird Reserve.

White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus The sclateri subspecies was seen at Paujil and the peruana form was seen at Mitu. A cis-Andean split is possible for this species in the future.

Swallow-winged Puffbird Chelidoptera tenebrosa

White-mantled Barbet ◊ Capito hypoleucus Four were seen below the Piha Reserve.

Gilded Barbet Capito auratus

Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii

White-throated Toucanet ◊ (Andean T) Aulacorhynchus [albivitta] albivitta Heard.

Crimson-rumped Toucanet ◊ Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Heard.

Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus

Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara

Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis

Many-banded Aracari Pteroglossus pluricinctus

Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus

Tawny-tufted Toucanet Selenidera nattereri A rather shy individual was eventually seen well at Mitu.

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus

Citron-throated Toucan ◊ Ramphastos citreolaemus

Keel-billed Toucan Ramphastos sulfuratus Heard.

White-throated Toucan Ramphastos tucanus

Yellow-throated Toucan (Chestnut-mandibled T) Ramphastos ambiguous Heard.

Orinoco Piculet ◊ Picumnus pumilus A single seen well at the Fiery Topaz bridge at Mitu.

Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus

Greyish Piculet ◊ Picumnus granadensis Endemic.A couple were seen in the Cauca valley.

Chestnut Piculet ◊ Picumnus cinnamomeus Non Leader

Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus

Beautiful Woodpecker ◊ Melanerpes pulcher Endemic. Seen well at Paujil

Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus

Red-rumped Woodpecker Veniliornis kirkii

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis

Smoky-brown Woodpecker Leuconotopicus fumigatus

Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula

Golden-olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus

Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii

Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula

Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus A couple were seen at Paujil.

Waved Woodpecker Celeus [undatus] grammicus

Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

Powerful Woodpecker Campephilus pollens A pair were seen in the oak forests above Soata.

Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis

Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos Non leader.

Black Caracara Daptrius ater

Red-throated Caracara Ibycter americanus

Crested Caracara (Northern C C) Caracara [plancus] cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans

Collared Forest Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus Heard.

American Kestrel Falco sparverius

Blue-fronted Parrotlet ◊ Touit dilectissimus Heard at Cerulean and a group seen in flight at the Piha reserve.

Barred Parakeet Bolborhynchus lineola Heard.

Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis

Cobalt-winged Parakeet Brotogeris cyanoptera

Orange-cheeked Parrot ◊ Pyrilia barrabandi Impressive number seen at Mitu.

Rusty-faced Parrot ◊ Hapalopsittaca amazonina Small flocks seen at Soata and Colibri del Sol.

White-capped Parrot Pionus seniloides Heard.

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus

Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus

Scaly-naped Amazon Amazona mercenarius

Mealy Amazon Amazona farinose

Kawall’s Amazon ◊ Amazona kawalli Two were seen in flight at Mitu.

Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica

Dusky-billed Parrotlet Forpus modestus Seen on a couple of days at Mitu.

Spectacled Parrotlet Forpus conspicillatus

Black-headed Parrot Pionites melanocephalus

Red-fan Parrot ◊ Deroptyus accipitrinus

Painted Parakeet ◊ (Todd’s P) Pyrrhura [picta] subandina A very confiding flock near La Jagua.

Maroon-tailed Parakeet Pyrrhura melanura

Brown-throated Parakeet Eupsittula pertinax

Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilatus

Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna

Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severus

Military Macaw Ara militaris A small flock in flight at the base of the Perija.

Scarlet Macaw Ara macao

Scarlet-fronted Parakeet Psittacara wagleri

Short-billed Leaftosser Sclerurus rufigularis  Seen well at Mitu.

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dendrocincla tyrannina

White-chinned Woodcreeper Dendrocincla merula

Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus

Black-banded Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes picumnus Heard.

Bar-bellied Woodcreeper ◊ Hylexetastes stresemanni Seen very well at Mitu, a trip highlight.

Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Heard.

Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus

Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans

Black-striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus lachrymosus Heard.

Spotted Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus erythropygius

Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis

Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus

Brown-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus pusillus Seen at Cerulean and the Piha Reserve.

Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii

Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger

Duida Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes duidae

Slender-billed Xenops Xenops tenuirostris

Plain Xenops Xenops genibarbis

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans

Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri Seen on the outskirts of Mitu.

Rufous-tailed Xenops Microxenops milleri

Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii

Rusty-winged Barbtail ◊ Premnornis guttuliger Heard.

Caribbean Hornero ◊ Furnarius longirostris

Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner Philydor pyrrhodes Seen well at Mitu.

Montane Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis

Lineated Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla subalaris

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Dendroma rufa

Flammulated Treehunter Thripadectes flammulatus Seen well at the ‘new’ Antpitta Reserve.

Striped Treehunter ◊ Thripadectes holostictus Heard.

Streak-capped Treehunter ◊ Thripadectes virgaticeps

Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner* Automolus ochrolaemus Seen well at Mitu.

Eastern Woodhaunter Automolus subulatus Seen well at Mitu

Western Woodhaunter Automolus virgatus Seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner Automolus infuscatus Seen at Mitu.

Spotted Barbtail Premnoplex brunnescens Heard.

Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger

White-browed Spinetail ◊ Hellmayrea gularis

Perija Thistletail ◊ Asthenes perijana Seen well on the Paramo above the Perija.

Double-banded Greytail ◊ Xenerpestes minlosi Seen well below the Cerulean Reserve.

Slaty Spinetail Synallaxis brachyura

Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Heard.

Azara’s Spinetail Synallaxis azarae

White-whiskered Spinetail ◊ Synallaxis candei Seen well at Los Besotes.

Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa The munoztebari subspecies that we saw in the Perija is vocally distinct and a probable split.

Stripe-breasted Spinetail ◊ Synallaxis cinnamomea Seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Rufous-rumped Antwren ◊ Euchrepomis callinota Seen at the Cerulean Reserve.

Black Bushbird Neoctantes niger Seen well at Mitu.

Recurve-billed Bushbird ◊ Clytoctantes alixii Seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Checker-throated Stipplethroat Epinecrophylla fulviventris

Rufous-backed Stipplethroat ◊ Epinecrophylla [haematonota] pyrrhonota

Grey-bellied Antbird ◊ Ammonastes pelzelni A pair showed well at Mitu.

Black-throated Antbird Myrmophylax atrothorax

Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyuran Non Leader.

Pacific Antwren ◊ (P Streaked A) Myrmotherula pacifica

Cherrie’s Antwren ◊ Myrmotherula cherriei Seen well at Mitu.

Yellow-throated Antwren ◊ Myrmotherula ambigua Seen in the canopy at Mitu

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Heard.

Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor

Northern White-fringed Antwren Formicivora intermedia

Plain-throated Antwren Isleria hauxwelli Heard.

Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnomanes ardesiacus Heard.

Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Heard.

Pearly Antshrike Megastictus margaritatus Seen well at Mitu.

Spot-backed Antwren Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus Seen well at Mitu.

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis

Black-backed Antshrike ◊ Thamnophilus melanonotus Seen well at Los Besotes.

Bar-crested Antshrike ◊ Thamnophilus multistriatus

Black Antshrike ◊ Thamnophilus nigriceps Seen well at Paujil.

Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor

Mouse-colored Antshrike Thamnophilus murinus Non leader.

Black-crowned Antshrike (Western Slaty A) Thamnophilus atrinucha

Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus

Black-crested Antshrike Sakesphorus canadensis

Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus Heard.

Great Antshrike Taraba major Heard.

Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys bicolor Non leader.

Chestnut-crested Antbird ◊ Rhegmatorhina cristata A pair were seen well at Mitu.

Common Scale-backed Antbird Willisornis poecilinotus Heard

Klages’s Antbird ◊ Drymophila klagesi Heard in the Perija and seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Imeri Warbling Antbird ◊ Hypocnemis flavescens

Parker’s Antbird ◊ Cercomacroides parkeri Endemic. Seen well at the Cerulean and Piha Reserves.

Dusky Antbird Cercomacroides tyrannina Heard.

Grey Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens

Jet Antbird Cercomacra nigricans A male showed well on the drive to the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-chinned Antbird Hypocnemoides melanopogon

Chestnut-backed Antbird Poliocrania exsul

Magdalena Antbird ◊ Sipia palliate Seen well below the Piha Reserve.

Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Heard.

Bare-crowned Antbird ◊ Gymnocichla nudiceps Heard.

Black-headed Antbird ◊ Percnostola rufifrons Seen well at Mitu.

Blue-lored Antbird ◊ Hafferia immaculate A skulking pair at the Cerulean Reserve.

Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma

Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla

Cundinamarca Antpitta ◊ Grallaria kaestneri Endemic.Seen well at Finca La Herrera.

Chestnut-naped Antpitta Grallaria nuchalis Heard.

White-bellied Antpitta ◊ Grallaria hypoleuca Seen at the Cerulean Reserve.

Perija Antpitta ◊ Grallaria saltuensis Seen in the Paramo at the Perija.

Muisca Antpitta Grallaria rufula Seen at Finca La Herrera

Chami Antpitta ◊ Grallaria alvarezi Endemic. Heard.

‘Paisa’ Antpiits ◊ (Sp novum) Endemic. Great views of the undescrived species at a new reserve in NW Antioquia.

Urrao Antpitta ◊ Grallaria urraoensis Endemic.Seen well at Colibri del Sol.

Thrush-like Antpitta Myrmothera campanisona Heard.

Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula flavirostris Seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Slaty-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana Heard.

Chestnut-belted Gnateater Conopophaga aurita Heard.

Chestnut-crowned Gnateater ◊ Conopophaga castaneiceps Seen well at the Cerulean and Piha Reserves.

Paramillo Tapaculo ◊ Scytalopus canus Endemic. Seen well at Colibri del Sol.

White-crowned Tapaculo ◊ (Northern W-c T) Scytalopus atratus Seen at the Piha Reserve.

Long-tailed Tapaculo ◊ Scytalopus micropterus Heard at Cerulean and seen at Finca La Herrera.

Blackish Tapaculo ◊ Scytalopus latrans Heard.

Magdalena Tapaculo ◊ (Upper M T) Scytalopus rodriguezi Endemic. Seen at the Cerulean Warbler Reserve.

Stiles’s Tapaculo ◊ Scytalopus stilesi Endemic. Heard.

Pale-bellied Tapaculo ◊ (Mattoral T) Scytalopus griseicollis Seen well at Soata.

Perija Tapaculo ◊ Scytalopus perijanus Seen well in the Perija.

Spillmann’s Tapaculo Scytalopus spillmanni Heard.

Wing-barred Piprites (W-b Manakin) Piprites chloris Heard.

Sooty-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias griseiceps

Plumbeous-crowned Tyrannulet ◊ Phyllomyias plumbeiceps Seen at the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-capped Tyrannulet Phyllomyias nigrocapillus

Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus

Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii

Amazonian Elaenia Myiopagis cinerea Heard.

Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Mountain Elaenia Elaenia frantzii

Brown-capped Tyrannulet Ornithion brunneicapillus Heard.

White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme

Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum

White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys

Northern Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Nesotriccus incomtus

Ringed Antpipit Corythopis torquatus Seen well at Mitu.

Spectacled Tyrannulet ◊ Zimmerius improbus Seen commonly in the Perija.

Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes

Golden-faced Tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops

Coopmans’s Tyrannulet ◊ Zimmerius minimus

Variegated Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus poecilotis

Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus

Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis

Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes galbinus

Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris

Slender-billed Inezia ◊ Inezia tenuirostris Seen at Los Besotes.

Amazonian Inezia Inezia subflava

Pale-tipped Inezia ◊ Inezia caudata Seen at Los Besotes.

Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus

White-eyed Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus zosterops

Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Non leader.

Black-throated Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus granadensis Heard.

Southern Bentbill ◊ Oncostoma olivaceum Heard.

Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus

Pale-eyed Pygmy Tyrant Atalotriccus pilaris

Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher* Poecilotriccus ruficeps

Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum

Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum

Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps Seen below the Cerulean Reserve.

Western Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis

Yellow-olive Flatbill (Y-o Flycatcher) Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Grey-crowned Flatbill (E) Tolmomyias poliocephalus

Ochre-lored Flatbill (O-l Flycatcher) Tolmomyias flaviventris

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Heard.

Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus

Black-billed Flycatcher ◊ Aphanotriccus audax Seen well at Paujil

Fuscous Flycatcher ◊ Cnemotriccus fuscatus The cabanisi race was seen at Los Besotes and the duidae (Campina Flycatcher) race was seen at Mitu.

Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans

Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi A couple were seen at Mitu

Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus

Eastern Wood Pewee Contopus virens

Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens

Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus obscurus

Streak-throated Bush Tyrant Myiotheretes striaticollis

White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala

Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema

Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris Heard.

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca rufipectoralis

Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis

Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Yellow-throated Flycatcher Conopias parvus Seen well at Mitu.

Golden-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes hemichrysus

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savanna

Rufous Mourner Rhytiperna holerythra Seen at Paujil and the Piha Reserve.

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer

Venezuelan Flycatcher ◊ Myiarchus venezuelensis Seen at Los Besotes and above La Jagua.

Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox

Apical Flycatcher ◊ Myiarchus apicalis Endemic. Seen well in the Chicamocha canyon.

Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes

Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus

Rufous-tailed Flatbill Ramphotrigon ruficauda

Citron-bellied Attila ◊ Attila citriniventris Seen well at Mitu.

Bright-rumped Attila (Flammulated A) Attila spadiceus

Bright-rumped Attila Attila [spadiceus] spadiceus Heard.

Scaled Fruiteater Ampelioides tschudii Heard.

Guianan Cock-of-the-rock ◊ Rupicola rupicola Heard.

Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion rubrocristatus

Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Heard.

Chestnut-capped Piha ◊ Lipaugus weberi Endemic. Seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Spangled Cotinga Cotinga cayana

Purple-breasted Cotinga Cotinga cotinga A male was seen briefly at Mitu.

Pompadour Cotinga ◊ Xipholena punicea A female was seen at Mitu.

Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni Heard.

Saffron-crested Tyrant-Manakin ◊ Neopelma chrysocephalum Seen well at Mitu.

Yellow-headed Manakin ◊ Chloropipo flavicapilla Endemic. Seen well at La Romera.

Lance-tailed Manakin Chiroxiphia lanceolate Heard.

Golden-winged Manakin ◊ Masius chrysopterus

White-bibbed Manakin ◊ Corapipo leucorrhoa A brief male below the Piha Reserve.

Black Manakin ◊ Xenopipo atronitens Seen well at Mitu.

Blue-capped Manakin Lepidothrix coronata

Yellow-crested Manakin ◊ Heterocercus flavivertex Seen well at Mitu.

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

Golden-collared Manakin Manacus vitellinus Seen in the Cauca valley.

Striolated Manakin ◊ Machaeropterus striolatus

White-crowned Manakin Pseudopipra pipra Seen at the Piha Reserve and Mitu. More than one cryptic species may be involved.

Golden-headed Manakin Ceratopipra erythrocephala

Sulphur-rumped Myiobius Myiobius sulphureipygius

Whiskered Myiobius Myiobius barbatus

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana

Russet-winged Schiffornis ◊ Schiffornis stenorhyncha Heard.

Brown-winged Schiffornis Schiffornis turdina Seen at Mitu.

White-browed Purpletuft Iodopleura isabellae Seen well at Mitu.

Cinereous Becard Pachyramphus rufus

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus

Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Heard.

Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Black-billed Peppershrike ◊ Cyclarhis nigrirostris

Yellow-browed Shrike-Vireo ◊ Vireolanius eximius Fantastic views below San Vicente.

Brown-headed Greenlet ◊ Hylophilus brunneiceps Seen well at Mitu.

Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus Heard.

Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes

Rufous-naped Greenlet ◊ Pachysylvia semibrunnea

Chivi Vireo Vireo chivi

Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys

Yellow-throated Vireo ◊ Vireo flavifrons

Black-collared Jay Cyanolyca armillata Seen in both the Western and Eastern Andes.

Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis

Azure-naped Jay ◊ Cyanocorax heilprini Seen well at Mitu.

Inca Jay Cyanocorax yncas

White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer

White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata

Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca

Black-collared Swallow Pygochelidon melanoleuca Seen well at Mitu.

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

Black-capped Donacobius Donacobius atricapilla Heard.

Bicolored Wren Campylorhynchus griseus

Grass Wren Cistothorus platensis Heard.

Sooty-headed Wren ◊ Pheugopedius spadix Seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Black-bellied Wren ◊ Pheugopedius fasciatoventris Seen well at Paujil.

Whiskered Wren Pheugopedius mystacalis

Coraya Wren Pheugopedius coraya Heard.

Rufous-breasted Wren Pheugopedius rutilus

Speckle-breasted Wren ◊ (Colombian W) Pheugopedius sclateri Heard.

Rufous-and-white Wren Thryophilus rufalbus

Antioquia Wren ◊ Thryophilus sernai Endemic. Seen well in the Cauca Valley.

Niceforo’s Wren ◊ Thryophilus nicefori Endemic. Seen well in the Chicamocha Canyon.

Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus

House Wren (Southern H W) Troglodytes aedon

Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis

White-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucosticte Heard.

Grey-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucophrys

Southern Nightingale-Wren (Scaly-breasted W) Microcerculus marginatus Heard.

Trilling Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus

Collared Gnatwren ◊ Microbates collaris Seen well at Mitu.

Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus

Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides

Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris

Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus

Chestnut-bellied Thrush ◊ Turdus fulviventris Seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus

Great Thrush Turdus fuscater

Lawrence’s Thrush Turdus lawrencii Heard.

Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis

White-necked Thrush Turdus albicollis Heard.

Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus This rare species was seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Clay-coloured Thrush Turdus grayi

Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria

Yellow-bellied Siskin* Spinus xanthogastrus

Golden-rumped Euphonia Chlorophonia cyanocephala Seen below the Cerluean Warbler Reserve.

Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia ◊ Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys Seen in the Perija.

Plumbeous Euphonia ◊ Euphonia plumbea Seen well at Mitu.

White-lored Euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta

White-vented Euphonia Euphonia minuta

Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris

Fulvous-vented Euphonia ◊ Euphonia fulvicrissa

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster

Rufous-bellied Euphonia Euphonia rufiventris

Yellow-throated Chlorospíngus Chlorospinus flavigularis

Ashy-throated Chlorospingus Chlorospingus canigularis

Common Chlorospingus Chlorospingus flavopectus Seen at several sites, the ponis subspecies that was seen in the Perija is a potential split.

Yellow-browed Sparrow Ammodramus aurifrons

Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris A pair seen in the Cauca valley.

Perija Brushfinch ◊ Arremon perijanus A skulking individual seen in the Perija foothills.

Black-headed Brushfinch ◊ Arremon atricapillus Seen well ner the Cerulean Warbler Reserve.

Grey-browed Brushfinch Arremon assimilis

Golden-winged Sparrow ◊ Arremon schlegeli Seen well in the Perija footills.

Chestnut-capped Brushfinch Arremon brunneinucha

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

White-naped Brushfinch (Yellow-throated B F) Atlapetes [albinucha] gutturalis

Moustached Brushfinch ◊ Atlapetes albofrenatus Seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Ochre-breasted Brushfinch ◊ Atlapetes semirufus Seen well at Finca La Herrera.

Slaty Brushfinch Atlapetes schistaceus Seen on various days. The fumidis race in the Perija is rather distinctive.

Antioquia Brushfinch ◊ Atlapetes blancae Endemic.Seen well at the ‘new’ Antpitta Reserve.

Yellow-breasted Brushfinch (Northern Rufous-naped B-F) Atlapetes latinuchus Non leader.

Black-fronted Brushfinch ◊ Atlapetes nigrifrons Seen commonly in the Perija.

Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna

Red-breasted Blackbird Leistes militaris

Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus

Olive Oropendola Psarocolius bifasciatus

Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela

Subtropical Cacique Cacicus uropygialis Seen well at the Cerulean Reserve.

Mountain Cacique ◊ (Northern M C) Cacicus [chrysonotus] leucoramphus Seen well at Soata.

Yellow-backed Oriole Icterus chrysater

Yellow Oriole Icterus nigrogularis

Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula

Orange-crowned Oriole Icterus auricapillus

Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis

Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Carib Grackle Quiscalus lugubris

Red-bellied Grackle ◊ Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster Endemic. Seen well at La Romera.

Colombian Mountain Grackle ◊ Macroagelaius subalaris EndemicEventaully we found a number of flocks at Soata, with the total thought to be forty eight individuals!

Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis

Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera A single in the forest at the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia

Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina

Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia

American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla

Cerulean Warbler Setophaga cerulean Six seen in one loose flock at the Cerulean Reserve!

Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi

Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga castanea

Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca

American Yellow Warbler Setophaga aestiva

Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga striata

Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristata Seen on several days. The birds in the Perija seem vocally distinct.

Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda

Grey-throated Warbler ◊ Myiothlypis cinereicollis Seen well at the Bushbird Reserve.

Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronata

Chestnut-capped Warbler Basileuterus delattrii

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus

Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis

Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus

Golden-fronted Whitestart ◊ Myioborus ornatus We saw the white-spectacled ornatus form in the eastern Andes and the golden-spectacled chrysops form in the western Andes. The chrysops form has been mooted as a potential split and would be a Colombian endemic.

Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii

Tooth-billed Tanager (Highland Hepatic T) Piranga lutea

Summer Tanager Piranga rubra

Red-hooded Tanager ◊ Piranga rubriceps A male was seen at Soata.

Sooty Ant Tanager ◊ Habia gutturalis Endemic. Seen at Paujil and heard below the Piha Reserve.

Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus

Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanoloxia cyanoides

Amazonian Grosbeak ◊ Cyanoloxia rothschildii

Plushcap (Plush-capped Finch) Catamblyrhynchus diadema A couple were seen in the Perija.

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza

Scarlet-and-white Tanager ◊ Chrysothlypis salmoni A group of three showed well at the Piha Reserve.

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis

Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira

Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis

Purple Honeycreeper Cyanerpes caeruleus

Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Yellow-bellied Dacnis Dacnis flaviventer

Turquoise Dacnis ◊ (T D-Tanager) Dacnis hartlaubi Endemic. Seen well at the Cerulean Reserve.

Black-faced Dacnis Dacnis lineata

Yellow-tufted Dacnis ◊ Dacnis egregia

Olive-grey Saltator Saltator olivascens

Streaked Saltator Saltator striatipectus

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus

Black-winged Saltator Saltator atripennis

Slate-colored Grosbeak Saltator grossus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

White-shouldered Tanager Loriotus luctuosus

Fulvous-crested Tanager Tachyphonus surinamus

Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii

Flame-rumped Tanager ◊ Ramphocelus flammigerus

Lemon-rumped Tanager ◊ (Yellow-r T) Ramphocelus icteronotus

Crimson-backed Tanager ◊ Ramphocelus dimidiatus

Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo

Grey Seedeater Sporophila intermedia

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

Thick-billed Seed Finch Sporophila funerea

Chestnut-bellied Seed Finch Sporophila angolensis

Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Sporophila castaneiventris

Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta

Oleaginous Hemispingus Sphenopsis frontalis Seen in the Perija and La Romera.

White-eared Conebill ◊ Conirostrum leucogenys Seen below the Cerulean Reserve.

Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Bluish Flowerpiercer Diglossa caerulescens

Masked Flowerpiercer Diglossa cyanea

Indigo Flowerpiercer ◊ Diglossa indigotica Seen at the Piha Reserve.

Rusty Flowerpiercer Diglossa sittoides

Chestnut-bellied Flowerpiercer ◊ Diglossa gloriosissima Endemic. Seen well at Colibri del Sol.

White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera

Black-throated Flowerpiercer Diglossa brunneiventris The isolated vuilleumieri race ws seen at the ‘new’ Antpitta Reserve. A potential spli.

Black Flowerpiercer Diglossa humeralis

Purplish-mantled Tanager ◊ Iridosornis porphyrocephalus Seen at the Piha Reserve.

Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota

Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager Dubusia taeniata

Hooded Mountain Tanager Buthraupis montana

Blue-capped Tanager Sporathraupis cyanocephala

Blue-winged Mountain Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus

Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager Anisognathus igniventris

Lacrimose Mountain Tanager Anisognathus lacrymosus Seen in the Perija and the Andes. The pale pallididorsalis race in the Perija is a potential split.

Black-and-gold Tanager ◊ Bangsia melanochlamys Endemic. Seen well at the Piha Reserve.

Magpie Tanager Cissopis leverianus

Black-faced Tanager Schistochlamys melanopis

Speckled Tanager Ixothraupis guttata

Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus

Glaucous Tanager ◊ Thraupis glaucocolpa Seen at Los Besotes.

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Black-headed Tanager* Stilpnia cyanoptera

Black-capped Tanager Stilpnia heinei

Golden-hooded Tanager Stilpnia larvata

Blue-necked Tanager Stilpnia cyanicollis

Masked Tanager Stilpnia nigrocincta

Scrub Tanager ◊ Stilpnia vitriolina

Blue-and-black Tanager Tangara vassorii

Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis

Metallic-green Tanager Tangara labradorides

Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola

Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala Non leader.

Golden Tanager Tangara arthus

Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala

Plain-colored Tanager Tangara inornata

Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana

Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis

Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia

MAMMALS

Common Opposum Didelphis marsupialis Seen at Mitu.

Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous

Humboldt’s White-fronted Capuchin Cebus albifrons Seen at Paujil.

Yellow-handed Titi Cheracebus Lucifer Seen at Mitu.

Mottled-face Tamarin Saguinus inustus Heard at Mitu.

White-footed Tamarin Saguinus leucopus Seen below the Piha Reserve.

Colombian Red Howler Alouatta seniculus Heard at several sites.

Variegated Spider Monkey ◊ Ateles hybridus Seen well at Paujil.

Central American Agouti Dasyprocta punctata

Neotropical Pygmy Squirrel Sciurillus pusillus Seen at Mitu.

Western Dwarf Squirrel Microsciurus mimulus

Red-tailed Squirrel (Tropical Red S) Sciurus granatensis