BRAZIL’S EASTERN AMAZONIA TOUR REPORT 2025

14 - 30 July 2025

Leo Garrigues

Our Brazil Eastern Amazon tour was highly successful, recording a great species diversity and a high proportion of regional specialties. We visited multiple localities across the vast state of Pará, a rich yet highly threatened region of the Brazilian Amazon Basin, exploring a variety of habitats across different Amazonian centers of endemism within distinct interfluvial areas. The Amazon Basin comprises eight recognized centers of endemism, five of which were covered on this tour: Belém, Xingu, Tapajós, Rondônia, and Guiana. As a result, we recorded an impressive total of 482 bird species and 16 mammal species.  Some of the best and iconic species that we can mention included the emblematic Golden Parakeet, the amazing White-Bellbird (the loudest bird in the world), the handsome Dot-eared Coquette, the bizarre looking Vulturine Parrot, the exquisite Harlequin Antbird, the very restricted Sulphur-breasted Parakeet, the superb White-tailed Cotinga or the unique Black-chested Tyrant just to mention some examples. But we had many other excellent highlights such as the Little, Chestnut-headed and Buff-browed Chachalacas, White-crested Guan, Silky-tailed Nightjar, Tapajos and Needle-billed Hermit, Fiery-tailed Awlbill, Ruby-Topaz Hummingbird, Green-breasted Mango, Pavonine Cuckoo, Dark-winged Trumpeteer, Spotted, Collared and Rufous-necked Puffbirds, Rusty-breasted and Rufous-capped Nunlets, Brown-chested Barbet, Red-necked Aracari, Gould’s Toucanet, White-throated Woodpecker, Barred, Cryptic and Slaty-backed Forest Falcons, Pearly, Crimson-bellied and Santarem Parakeets, Mournful Long-tailed, Hoffman’s, Uniform (Brigida’s) and Spix’s Woodcreepers, Xingu Scythebill, Chestnut-winged, Chestnut-crowned and Para Foliage-gleaners, Ruddy Spinetail, Wing-banded, Banded, Willi’s, Ferruginous-backed, Rufous-faced and Bare-eyed Antbirds, Sclater’s and Ihering’s Antwrens, Saturnine, Blackish-grey and Glossy Antshrikes, Tapajos and East Amazonian Fire-eyes, Snethlage’s, Alta Floresta and Amazonian Antpittas, Black-breasted, Black-bellied and Black-hooded Gnateaters, Rusty-belted Tapaculo, Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher, Amazonian Inezia, Snethlage’s and Zimmer’s Tody-Tyrants, Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher, Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill, White-crested Spadebill, Cinereous Mourner, Ash-thorated Casiornis, Guianan Red Cotinga, Purple-breasted Cotinga, Crimson-hooded, Snow-capped, Opal-crowned and Flame-crested Manakins, Cinereous Becard, Sharpbill, Black-collared Swallow, Cocoa and Spectacled Thrushes, Golden-sided Euphonia, Red-billed Pied Tanager, Rose-breasted Chat, Yellow-green and Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak, Short-billed Honeycreeper, and Opal-rumped Tanager.

The tour began with an early-morning flight from Manaus to Itaituba. While waiting for our plane at Manaus Airport, we were already able to enjoy some birding, including a Southern Martin (the only sighting of the species during the entire tour), as well as Southern Lapwing, Collared Plover, Savanna Hawk, White-tailed Hawk, Fork-tailed Flycatcher, and White-winged Swallow.  Upon arrival in Itaituba, our excellent local guide, Gilberto, warmly welcomed the group. We headed straight to our accommodation, arriving in time for lunch. After enjoying a pleasant meal on the banks of the Tapajós River, we set out for our first explorations in Amazônia National Park.

Our first proper birding session of the trip was highly productive, yielding several major specialties and uncommon sightings, including Brown-chested Barbet, Vulturine Parrot, Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner, and Ihering’s Antwren. Additional species that rounded out our afternoon included Speckled Chachalaca, Sand-colored Nighthawk, Band-rumped and Lesser Swallow-tailed Swifts, Amazonian Trogon, Green-tailed and Great Jacamars, Black-fronted and White-fronted Nunbirds, Channel-billed Toucan, Golden-winged Parakeet, Red-and-green Macaw, Amazonian Plain Xenops, Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner, Spot-winged, Saturnine, Cinereous, and Chestnut-backed Antshrikes, Dot-winged Antwren, White-eyed Stipplethroat, Spix’s Warbling Antbird, Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill, Pink-throated Becard, Black-collared Swallow, Coraya Wren, and Epaulet Oriole.  Not a bad beginning for our first afternoon.

The first full day in Amazônia National Park began at dawn along the Acaical Trail, where most of the birding took place within terra firme forest. The first bird of the day was the endemic White-crested Guan, seen at first light. As daylight increased, we entered the forest trail in search of some of the region’s more secretive Amazonian species. The early part of the morning was somewhat slow, with many birds heard only.  Nevertheless, the latter part of the morning proved rewarding, producing several high-quality species. Highlights included Collared Puffbird, Gould’s Toucanet, Hoffmann’s Woodcreeper, Cinereous Mourner, Red-billed Pied Tanager, and Rose-breasted Chat. Additional species that rounded out the morning included Green-backed Trogon, Olivaceous, Long-billed, and Amazonian Barred Woodcreepers, Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner, Plain-throated Antwren, Black-spotted Bare-eye, Black-faced Antbird, and Flame-crested Tanager.

The afternoon session focused on one of the main targets of the tour, with a visit to an area where Golden Parakeets were known to be roosting at the time. A drive of approximately two hours was required to reach the site, with a few brief stops along the way. After some patient waiting, the effort was rewarded by a group of 11 Golden Parakeets perched atop a tall tree in the middle of a pasture, before flying to their tree-cavity roost. Without doubt, this species ranks among the most remarkable members of the Psittacidae family worldwide.  Additional species recorded during the afternoon included Band-rumped Swift, Common Ground Dove, Swallow-tailed Kite, Crimson-crested Woodpecker, Bat Falcon, Vulturine Parrot, Mealy Amazon, Red-bellied and Blue-and-yellow Macaws, Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet, Ochre-lored Flatbill, Red-breasted Meadowlark, and Yellow-bellied Seedeater.

The second full day in the Amazônia National Park area was spent birding along the Trans-Amazonian Road, combining roadside birding with forest trails once temperatures began to rise. This strategy proved highly effective, resulting in an exceptionally productive morning session. One of the first highlights at dawn was a Barred Forest-Falcon, which called persistently and eventually allowed excellent scope views.  Among the most remarkable species of the morning were Needle-billed Hermit, Fiery-tailed Awlbill, Rusty-breasted Nunlet, Ihering’s Antwren, Glossy Antshrike, Rufous-faced Antbird, Rusty-belted Tapaculo (seen exceptionally well in the open) and Snow-capped Manakin. In addition to these specialties, an impressive species list was compiled, including Grey-breasted Sabrewing, Fork-tailed Woodnymph, Amazonian Pygmy-Owl, Black-bellied Cuckoo, Amazonian Motmot, Paradise Jacamar, White-throated and Channel-billed Toucans, Lettered, Red-necked, and Black-necked Aracaris, Bar-breasted Piculet, Red-throated Caracara, Vulturine Parrot, Strong-billed and Rondônia Dusky-capped Woodcreepers, Long-winged and Plain-throated Antwrens, Dot-backed Antbird, Guianan Tyrannulet, Golden-crowned Spadebill, Dusky-chested Flycatcher, Cinnamon Attila, Screaming Piha, Bare-necked Fruitcrow, Red-headed Manakin, Grey-chested Greenlet, Green and Olive Oropendolas, and Opal-rumped Tanager.  Unfortunately, along one of the trails only brief views of Dark-winged Trumpeters were obtained, as they quickly disappeared into the dense understory vegetation.

Afternoon birding was conducted along the Traçoa Trail in transitional várzea forest. The outing produced several excellent species, including Chestnut-capped Puffbird, Ruddy Spinetail, Amazonian Antshrike, Hauxwell’s Thrush, and outstanding views of a Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl at the end of the day. Additional species that rounded out the afternoon included Fork-tailed Palm-Swift, Wedge-billed Woodcreeper, Dot-winged and White-flanked Antwrens, Saturnine Antshrike, Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant, Black-capped Donacobius, and Moustached Wren. One of the main targets for the afternoon was Zigzag Heron; however, no evidence of this species was found.

Efforts on the third full day at Amazônia National Park were directed toward finding several key species still missing from the list, with most of the day spent birding a terra firme forest trail in search of Amazonian specialties. At dawn, another forest falcon was encountered—this time the rare and uncommon Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon. Undoubtedly the bird of the morning was Harlequin Antbird, as the entire group enjoyed excellent views of a responsive pair of this highly range-restricted Rhegmatorhina species. Given the absence of army ant swarms during the visit, encountering this species was particularly fortunate.  Other morning highlights included Blue-necked Jacamar, Rufous-necked Puffbird, Xingu Scaled Antbird, Ferruginous-backed Antbird, Pará Greenlet (recently split from Tawny-crowned Greenlet), and McConnell’s Flycatcher. Additional species recorded during the morning included Reddish Hermit, Black-eared Fairy, Yellow-throated Woodpecker, Plain-brown and Elegant Woodcreepers, Ornate Stipplethroat, Long-winged and Grey Antwrens, Red-headed Manakin, Olive Oropendola, Purple Honeycreeper, and White-shouldered Tanager.

After returning to the hotel for another excellent lunch and a short siesta, we headed out in the afternoon to explore a different trail, with Alta Floresta Antpitta as our main target. Although initially expected to be straightforward, the species proved more challenging than anticipated; however, persistence paid off and one individual eventually showed very well. Another major highlight of the afternoon was obtaining excellent views of a Banded Antbird walking through the understory—always a special encounter with one of the region’s finest antbirds.  Additional species that rounded out the session included Chestnut Woodpecker, Elegant and Dusky-capped Woodcreepers, Sclater’s Antwren, brief views of Black-spotted Bare-eye, Greenish Elaenia, Lesser Kiskadee, Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin, and Flame-crested Manakin. From viewpoints overlooking the Tapajós River, we observed Pied Plover, Black Skimmer, Yellow-billed and Large-billed Terns, Neotropic Cormorant, Snowy and Great Egrets, along with several swallow species, including Black-collared, White-winged, and White-banded Swallows.

The following day, we visited the east bank of the Tapajós River, birding in secondary forest and along the river margins. We also spent time boating on the river and visiting several Tapajós River islands, where we encountered a number of local specialties. By birding the eastern side of the Tapajós, we aimed to find species that do not occur on the western bank, and this strategy proved successful. Notable finds during the morning included Tapajós Hermit, Black-girdled Barbet, and the eucephala subspecies of Opal-crowned Manakin, all of which have a restricted distribution within the Tapajós–Xingu interfluve.  Other species recorded on the east bank included Streak-throated and Long-tailed Hermits, Scaled Pigeon, Double-toothed Kite, Amazonian Pygmy-Owl, Black-necked Aracari, Yellow-crowned Amazon, Blackish and Band-tailed Antbirds, Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant, Purple-throated Fruitcrow, Chestnut-crowned Becard, Thrush-like Wren, and Violaceous Euphonia.  Birding along the Tapajós River islands produced additional specialties, including Blackish-grey Antshrike, Glossy Antshrike, and Amazonian Inezia. These were complemented by Sand-colored Nighthawk, Greater Ani, Pied Plover, Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Osprey, Orange-winged Amazon, Straight-billed Woodcreeper, Amazonian Streaked Antwren, Yellow Tyrannulet, Grey-chested Greenlet, Brown-chested Martin, Black-collared Swallow, Bluish-grey Saltator, and Red-capped Cardinal.  We also had an encounter with a group of Golden-and-white Bare-ear Marmoset during our hike in the east bank of Tapajos River.

Our final afternoon in Amazônia National Park was spent birding along the Trans-Amazonian Road, searching for additional species not yet recorded. One of our main targets was Point-tailed Palmcreeper, which eventually cooperated, allowing excellent views of a pair. We also encountered a group of Golden Parakeets feeding in roadside trees, and a second encounter with this majestic species was especially appreciated.  Other highlights of the afternoon included Spotted Puffbird, Crimson-bellied Parakeet, and Short-billed Honeycreeper, complemented by Broad-billed Motmot, Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper, Guianan Tyrannulet, Variegated and Crowned Slaty-Flycatchers, and Flame-crested Tanager. Unfortunately, Cryptic Forest-Falcon was heard calling but never showed. We then returned to the lodge to enjoy our final dinner at the pousada.

Next day, we departed our pousada after an early breakfast, followed by a ferry crossing of the Tapajós River to Itaituba, and then continued on to the Tapajós National Forest, birding en route to Santarém. Our visit to the Tapajós National Forest was very productive, as we located our two main targets: Bare-eyed Antbird and Tapajós Fire-eye, both specialties of the Tapajós–Xingu interfluvial region.  Although birding was slow at times, we eventually connected with several mixed-species flocks, resulting in a rewarding list that included Tapajós Hermit, Black-eared Fairy, King Vulture, White Hawk, Amazonian Trogon, White-fronted Nunbird, Red-necked Aracari, Red-stained Woodpecker, Red-throated Caracara, Spix’s, Buff-throated, Cinnamon-throated, and Dusky-capped (Layard’s) Woodcreepers, Greyish Mourner, Pink-throated Becard, and Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo. We arrived at our hotel in Santarém in the late afternoon.

The following morning, we took a ferry to the northern bank of the Amazon River at Monte Alegre. The crossing lasted approximately two hours, during which we observed a wide variety of birds, including Horned Screamer, Black-bellied Whistling-Duck, Muscovy Duck, Brazilian Teal, Gull-billed Tern, Pale-vented Pigeon, Limpkin, Black-necked Stilt, Wattled Jacana, Anhinga, Buff-necked Ibis, Cocoi Heron, Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture, Snail Kite, Savanna Hawk, Great Black Hawk, Toco Toucan, White-winged Parakeet, Shiny Cowbird, Oriole Blackbird, Yellow-hooded Blackbird, and Saffron Finch.

Upon arrival in Monte Alegre, our local guide, Leno, was waiting for us, and we transferred to new vehicles for our time in the area. Birding in Monte Alegre remains relatively underexplored, and the primary purpose of our visit was to search for the highly range-restricted Sulphur-breasted Parakeet. Owing to its location within the Guianan Shield, Monte Alegre supports a unique assemblage of species not encountered elsewhere on the tour, as well as patches of Cerrado habitat embedded within Amazonian Forest and areas of white-sand soils that harbor additional localized species.

Fortunately, our search for Sulphur-breasted Parakeet proved remarkably straightforward. We located a family group almost immediately at our first site, enjoying excellent views of nine individuals feeding on guaba fruits. Finding the parakeets so quickly provided valuable flexibility to explore a variety of habitats and sites during our stay in Monte Alegre. Species recorded during our first day in the area included Little Chachalaca, White-faced Whistling-Duck, Green-tailed Goldenthroat, Ruby-topaz Hummingbird, Glittering-throated Emerald, Blue-chinned Sapphire, Roseate Spoonbill, Capped Heron, Green-tailed Jacamar, Spotted Puffbird, Black Caracara, Green-rumped Parrotlet, Red-bellied Macaw, Barred Antshrike, Lesser Hornero, Mouse-colored Tyrannulet, Ochre-lored Flatbill, Sulphury Flycatcher, White-throated Kingbird, White-winged Becard, Rufous-browed Peppershrike, Pale-breasted Thrush, and Yellow-hooded Blackbird.

Our second morning in Monte Alegre began with exploration of the Cerrado habitat, where we recorded Green-tailed Goldenthroat, Dark-billed Cuckoo, Plain-breasted Ground-Dove, White-tailed Hawk, Burrowing Owl, Ochre-backed Woodpecker (heard only), Rusty-backed Antwren, Brown-crested Flycatcher, Southern Scrub-Flycatcher, Ashy-headed Greenlet, Chalk-browed Mockingbird, and Grassland Sparrow.  We then continued to Parque Estadual Monte Alegre, where bird activity was generally slow; nevertheless, we recorded several noteworthy species, including Great Black Hawk, White-winged Parakeet, Northern Slaty Antshrike, Dusky and White-bellied Antbirds, Yellow-margined Flatbill, Buff-breasted Wren, and Tropical Gnatcatcher. One of the morning’s highlights was an excellent encounter with Midas Tamarin, with three individuals observed within the park.

During the afternoon, we birded areas along the margins of the Amazon River, primarily to add species to the list and further explore the birding potential of Monte Alegre. Species recorded included Band-tailed Nighthawk, Short-tailed Swift, Blue-tailed Emerald, Limpkin, Green Ibis, Striated Heron, Black-collared Hawk, Toco Toucan, Amazon Kingfisher, Lineated Woodpecker, Long-billed Woodcreeper, Lesser Hornero, Glossy Antshrike, Spotted Tody-Flycatcher, Brown-chested Martin, Giant Cowbird, and Yellow-hooded Blackbird.

After a successful visit to Monte Alegre, it was time to return to Santarém by ferry, retracing our route across the Amazon River before continuing on an afternoon flight to Belém. While waiting for the ferry, we had the opportunity to compare male Green-throated Mango and Black-throated Mango as they visited a flowering Inga tree. We also enjoyed close views of a pair of Wing-banded Horneros, as well as Eared Dove, Streaked Flycatcher, and Guianan Squirrel Monkey.  Most of the birds observed during the ferry crossing were similar to those seen previously; however, White-headed Marsh Tyrant was a welcome addition and proved to be the only record of the tour. Following our domestic flight from Santarém to Belém, we arrived at our hotel in Belém later in the afternoon.

We spent some time birding the hotel grounds, where the endemic Buff-browed Chachalaca is sometimes present, though it did not appear on this occasion. Species recorded around the hotel included Fork-tailed Swift, Ruddy Ground-Dove, Bare-faced Ibis, Rufescent Tiger-Heron, Grey-lined Hawk, Ringed Kingfisher, White-throated Toucan, Orange-winged Amazon, Plain-crowned Spinetail, Social and Sulphury Flycatchers, Pale-breasted Thrush, Olive Oropendola, Shiny Cowbird, and Palm Tanager.

During our full day in Belém, we visited the Gunma Ecological Reserve and surrounding areas near Refúgio dos Naturalistas, run by Fernanda and Danielson, our local guides during our stay in Belém. Birding was highly productive, and we recorded most of our target species. Among the highlights was Black-chested Tyrant, a localized Amazonian species with a patchy and poorly known distribution. Another major highlight was obtaining close views of two male Dot-eared Coquettes.  Additional specialties recorded during the day included Buff-browed Chachalaca, White-bellied Parrot, Xingu Scaled-backed Antbird, Willis’s Antbird, Hooded Gnateater, and Golden-sided Euphonia. Many other species were also observed, including Reddish Hermit, Long-tailed Hermit, Grey-breasted Sabrewing, Grey-headed Kite, Black-tailed and Amazonian Black-throated Trogons, Paradise Jacamar, Variable, Cream-colored, and Red-necked Woodpeckers, Bat Falcon, White-shouldered Antshrike, Silvered Antbird, Helmeted Pygmy-Tyrant, Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher, Screaming Piha, White-bearded and Red-headed Manakins, Black-tailed Tityra, Cinereous and Black-capped Becards, Trilling Gnatwren, Tropical Gnatcatcher, Violaceous Euphonia, Pectoral Sparrow, Green Oropendola, Red-rumped Cacique, Wing-barred Seedeater, and Turquoise Tanager.

Our final morning in Belém was dedicated to birding the Menino Jesus Community, south of the city.  Species recorded included Pale-throated Barbthroat, brief views of Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner, Willis’s and Grey Antbirds, Grey-crowned Flatbill, excellent views of male Crimson-hooded Manakins, Riverbank Warbler, Yellow-green Grosbeak, and Guira Tanager.

After checking out of our hotel, we took a short flight to Parauapebas, our final destination of the tour. Upon arrival, we were welcomed by our excellent local guide, Filho, who helped us target remaining species and the key specialties of the Serra dos Carajás. With limited time for birding during our first afternoon, we focused on searching for the endemic Chestnut-headed Chachalaca around Carajás Village. Although the chachalaca was not located, we still enjoyed a productive session that included White-crested Guan, Bare-faced Curassow, a pair of White-throated Woodpeckers, Natterer’s Slaty Antshrike, Black-breasted Gnateater, and Pale-breasted Thrush.  Several mammal species complemented our first afternoon, including South American Coati, Eastern Red-handed Howler Monkey, and Common Red-rumped Agouti.

Our first full day began with an early-morning visit to the Pojuca Track, which proved exceptionally productive for birding. Highlights included the rare Black-bellied Thorntail, the endemic Pearly Parakeet and Xingu Scythebill, Purple-breasted Cotinga, and Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak. Unfortunately, Pará Gnatcatcher was heard only within a large canopy mixed-species flock encountered along the track.

Other species recorded included White-chinned Sapphire, Hook-billed Kite, Golden-green Woodpecker, Blue-and-yellow and Red-and-green Macaws, Dusky-capped (Layard’s) Woodcreeper, Spot-winged and Cinereous Antshrikes, Ornate Stipplethroat, Rusty-winged Antwren, Wing-barred Piprites, Amazonian Elaenia, Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher, Grey-crowned Flatbill, Rufous Casiornis, Band-tailed Manakin, Brown-winged Schiffornis, Pink-throated and Crested Becards, Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo, White-thighed Swallow, Cocoa Thrush, Red-billed Pied Tanager, Rose-breasted Chat, and Flame-crested Tanager.

On the return drive for lunch, we made a detour in search of one of the most sought-after targets of the tour, the White Bellbird. Filho knew of an active area where a male was calling regularly, allowing the group to enjoy excellent views and prolonged listening of this spectacular and extraordinarily loud species before continuing on to lunch at Carajás Village. Additional species recorded during the bellbird search included White-browed Purpletuft and Spotted Tanager.

The afternoon was spent birding around Carajás Village and along the Lagoa da Mata Trail, which produced further highlights such as Blue-necked Jacamar, Santarém Parakeet, Black-bellied Gnateater, and Amazonian Scrub-Flycatcher. Mammal sightings included three Western Black-handed Tamarins. Despite a second attempt, Chestnut-headed Chachalaca remained elusive, and we eventually returned to the hotel to rest after a long but very successful day.

Our second full day in Carajás was spent birding along the Maria Bonita Track, where conditions proved more challenging than the previous day, with birds generally less cooperative and more skittish. Despite this, we recorded several excellent species, including Cryptic Forest-Falcon, Cinnamon-throated and Spix’s Woodcreepers, the endemic Snethlage’s Antpitta, White-lored Tyrannulet, Dusky-capped Greenlet, White-necked Thrush, and Rose-breasted Chat. Pavonine Cuckoo was vocalizing nearby, but only brief flight views were obtained as it crossed the track.

During the afternoon, we focused on forest edges within the Floresta de Carajás, targeting White-tailed Cotinga and Chestnut-headed Chachalaca. Although the cotinga remained elusive, we eventually connected with three individuals of Chestnut-headed Chachalaca. Additional species recorded during the afternoon included Grey-rumped Swift, Striped Cuckoo, Scaled Dove, Amazonian Pygmy-Owl, Bar-breasted Piculet, Green-barred Woodpecker, Scarlet Macaw, Southern White-fringed Antwren, East Amazonian Fire-eye, Short-tailed Pygmy-Tyrant, Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant, Cliff Flycatcher, Spectacled Thrush, Epaulet Oriole, and Swallow Tanager.  After nightfall, we searched for Silky-tailed Nightjar and were rewarded with excellent views of this uncommon and localized species.

The following day, we began at dawn at Vila Tapete Verde, located just outside the Carajás National Forest. Our main objective at this site was to search for an undescribed Synallaxis spinetail, commonly referred to as the “Amazonian Spinetail.” Unfortunately, despite considerable effort, we found no sign of the bird. Our local guide, Filho, had also missed the species on his most recent visits, suggesting that the pair once present at the site may no longer occur there. Even so, it was still a location well worth checking.

Although the spinetail was not detected, the surrounding forest fragments produced a good variety of birds, along with a few noteworthy primate sightings. Morning highlights included Eastern Striolated Puffbird, Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner, Xingu Scythebill, Amazonian Antpitta, and Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher. These were complemented by Reddish Hermit, Blue-chinned Sapphire, King Vulture, Laughing Falcon, Chestnut-fronted Macaw, Straight-billed Woodcreeper, Ornate Stipplethroat, Plain-winged and Great Antshrikes, White-browed Antbird, Guianan Tyrannulet, Yellow-margined Flatbill, Dusky-chested Flycatcher, and Magpie Tanager.  In addition to the birds, we were fortunate to observe two endemic primates: Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki and Red-bellied Titi.

During the afternoon, we visited a distinctive habitat known as the Canga Forest, or Canga ecosystem, a dry forest formed on iron-rich rocky substrates. These substrates create a mosaic of open grasslands, shrublands, and patches of low forest, collectively referred to as Canga Forest. When certain tree species are fruiting, this habitat often attracts cotingas, which was the primary reason for our visit.  Once in the Canga Forest, we did not have to wait long for our first highlight, as an adult male White-tailed Cotinga flew overhead and landed in a fruiting tree, allowing close views. Shortly afterward, we observed a second White-tailed Cotinga, followed by a male Spangled Cotinga.

Other species recorded in the area included Small-billed Tinamou, Sooty-fronted Spinetail, Small-billed and Plain-crested Elaenias, Zimmer’s Tody-Tyrant, Ash-throated Casiornis, Pale-bellied Tyrant-Manakin, Black-faced Tanager, and Rufous-collared Sparrow, the only individuals recorded during the tour.  We also made brief stops in taller forest along the roads of the Floresta do Carajás Reserve, where we encountered White Bellbird once again, along with other notable species such as Sharpbill, Red-throated Piping Guan, Black-banded Woodcreeper, and Screaming Piha.

On our last full day in Carajás, we visited the tall-forest valley of Águas Claras during the morning. Our main target was Guianan Red Cotinga, which gave us excellent views in the first hours of daylight. We were especially fortunate to encounter a group of seven Dark-winged Trumpeters (dextralis subspecies), which provided outstanding and prolonged views.  Other notable species included another male Dot-eared Coquette and the endemic Pará Foliage-gleaner. The morning session was further complemented by Long-tailed Hermit, Glittering-throated Emerald, Amazonian Pygmy-Owl, Amazonian Black-throated Trogon, Pied Puffbird, Gould’s Toucanet, Red-throated Caracara, Pearly and Santarém Parakeets, Grey Antwren, Black-breasted Gnateater, Black-capped Becard, Dusky-capped Greenlet, White-vented and Rufous-bellied Euphonias, and Flame-crested, Spotted, and Masked Tanagers.

During the afternoon, we visited an old, mature forest trail in search of some of the remaining targets of the area, and our efforts were rewarded with several surprises, including excellent views of Wing-banded Antbird for the entire group. Additional highlights included Mournful Long-tailed and Uniform (ssp. brigidai) Woodcreepers, Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner, White-eyed Stipplethroat, East Amazonian Fire-eye, and White-crested Spadebill.

On the final morning of the tour, we made another attempt for Pavonine Cuckoo. Although the bird was initially uncooperative, it eventually showed well, allowing everyone to enjoy good views. Another notable sighting was a Great Tinamou resting on a branch approximately six meters above the ground.  Additional species recorded included Blue-necked Jacamar, Cream-colored and Red-necked Woodpeckers, Golden-winged Parakeet, Spix’s Warbling Antbird, Golden-bellied Euphonia, and Turquoise Tanager.

The tour concluded around midday at Parauapebas Airport, where we connected with our onward flights. Many thanks to Gilberto, Leno, Fernanda, Danielson, and Filho for their invaluable local expertise, as well as to all our drivers throughout the tour. Thanks to everyone for making this a truly special Amazonian experience.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE TOUR
Species marked with the diamond symbol (◊) are either endemic to the country or local region or considered ‘special’ birds for some other reason (e.g., it is only seen on one or two Birdquest tours; it is difficult to see across all or most of its range; the local form is endemic or restricted-range and may in future be treated as a full species).The species names and taxonomy used in the bird list follows Gill, F., Donsker, D., & Rasmussen, P.(Eds). 2025. IOC World Bird List (v15.1).

Where the subspecies seen is/are known, these are often given in parentheses at the end of the species comment.

Grey Tinamou  Tinamus tao  (H)

Great Tinamou  Tinamus major  Great views on our last morning at Carajas.

Cinereous Tinamou  Crypturellus cinereus  (H)

Brazilian Tinamou ◊  Crypturellus strigulosus  (H)

Variegated Tinamou  Crypturellus variegatus  (H)

Small-billed Tinamou  Crypturellus parvirostris  Seen at the Canga habitat at Carajas.

Horned Screamer  Anhima cornuta  Seen on both of the ferry journeys of Monte Alegre-Santarem.

White-faced Whistling Duck  Dendrocygna viduata  Great views at Monte Alegre.

Black-bellied Whistling Duck  Dendrocygna autumnalis

Muscovy Duck  Cairina moschata

Brazilian Teal  Amazonetta brasiliensis

Speckled Chachalaca  Ortalis guttata  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Little Chachalaca ◊ (MA)  Ortalis motmot  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Chestnut-headed Chachalaca ◊  Ortalis ruficeps  Endemic.  Probably the most difficult species of Chachalaca of the trip, seen at Carajas Village area.

Buff-browed Chachalaca ◊  Ortalis superciliaris  Endemic.  Seen around Gunma Ecological Park at Belem.

White-crested Guan ◊  Penelope pileata  Endemic. First seen at Amazonia National Park, but better views at Carajas.

Red-throated Piping Guan ◊  Pipile cujubi  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Bare-faced Curassow ◊  Crax fasciolata  Great views at Carajas.

Marbled Wood Quail  Odontophorus gujanensis  (LO)  Seen by Gilberto at Amazonia NP.

Sand-colored Nighthawk  Chordeiles rupestris  Excellent views at Tapajos River.

Band-tailed Nighthawk  Nyctiprogne leucopyga  Several individuals seen at dusk at Monte Alegre.

Blackish Nightjar  Nyctipolus nigrescens  (LO) Seen by leader at Carajas.

Pauraque  Nyctidromus albicollis

Silky-tailed Nightjar ◊  Antrostomus sericocaudatus  Excellent views at Carajas.

Grey-rumped Swift  Chaetura cinereiventris  Seen at Carajas.

Band-rumped Swift  Chaetura spinicaudus  Regular at Amazonia NP and Belem.

Pale-rumped Swift  Chaetura egregia  Just some individuals at Carajas.

Short-tailed Swift  Chaetura brachyura

Fork-tailed Palm Swift  Tachornis squamata

Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift  Panyptila cayennensis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

White-necked Jacobin  Florisuga mellivora  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Pale-tailed Barbthroat  Threnetes leucurus  Seen at Belem, at Bom Jesus Community.

White-bearded Hermit  Phaethornis malaris  (H)  Heard only at Villa Tapete Verde, Parauebas.

Needle-billed Hermit ◊  Phaethornis philippii  One of the hardest species of Hermits, good views at Amazonia NP.

Long-tailed Hermit  Phaethornis superciliosus  Seen on several opportunities, best views at Belem.

Streak-throated Hermit  Phaethornis rupurumii  One individual seen at the eastern margin of Tapajos River.

Tapajos Hermit ◊  Phaethornis aethopygus  Endemic. Seen on two opportunities, first at the eastern side of Tapajos River, also seen during our visit to Floresta Nacional do Tapajos.

Reddish Hermit  Phaethornis ruber  Seen at Amazonia NP, Belem and Carajas.

Black-eared Fairy  Heliothryx auritus 

Green-tailed Goldenthroat ◊  Polytmus theresiae  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Fiery-tailed Awlbill ◊  Avocettula recurvirostris  A stunning female and a young bird, possibly another female. Great views at Amazonia NP.     

Ruby-topaz Hummingbird  Chrysolampis mosquitus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Black-throated Mango  Anthracothorax nigricollis  Good views of a male at Monte Alegre, visiting the same flowering tree that was also visited by a Green-throated Mango males.  We saw several females at Monte Alegre, but they are not possible to tell apart from each other.

Green-throated Mango  ◊  Anthracothorax viridigula  Excellent views of at least two males at Monte Alegre. Good comparison with Black-throated Mango male that was also visiting the same inga flowering tree.

Black-bellied Thorntail  Discosura langsdorffi  Good views of a female at Carajas, at Pojuca trail.

Dot-eared Coquette  ◊  Lophornis gouldii  Stunning views of 2 males at Refugio dos Naturalistas, Belem.  Also an adult male seen at Carajas at Aguas Claras.

Long-billed Starthroat  Heliomaster longirostris

Blue-tailed Emerad  Chlrostilbon mellisugus  Seen at Monte Alegre

Grey-breasted Sabrewing  Campylopterus largipennis

Fork-tailed Woodnymph  Thalurania furcata

Glittering-throated Emerald  Chionomesa fimbriata  Seen at Monte Alegre.

White-chinned Sapphire  Chlorestes cyanus  Seen at Carajas.

Blue-chinned Sapphire  Chlorestes notata  Seen at Monte Alegre and Villa Tapete Verde.

Guira Cuckoo  Guira guira  (LO)  Seen by leader while we were driving through Belem.

Greater Ani  Crotophaga major

Smooth-billed Ani  Crotophaga ani

Striped Cuckoo  Tapera naevia  Seen at Carajas.

Pavonine Cuckoo  Dromococcyx pavoninus  Seen at Carajas.

Squirrel Cuckoo  Piaya cayana

Black-bellied Cuckoo  Piaya melanogaster  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Dark-billed Cuckoo  Coccyzus melacoryphus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Rock Dove (introduced)  Columba livia

Picazuro Pigeon  Patagioenas picazuro

Pale-vented Pigeon  Patagioenas cayennensis

Scaled Pigeon  Patagioenas cayannensis  Seen at the eastern bank of Tapajos River and Villa Tapete Verde.

Plumbeous Pigeon  Patagioenas plumbea  (H)

Ruddy Pigeon  Patagioenas subvinacea  (H)

Scaled Dove  Columbina squammata

Common Ground Dove  Columbina passerine

Plain-breasted Ground Dove  Columbina minuta  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Ruddy Ground Dove  Columbina talpacoti

Ruddy Quail-Dove  Geotrygon montana  (LO)  Leader only at Amazonia NP.

White-tipped Dove  Leptotila verreauxi

Grey-fronted Dove  Leptotila rufaxilla

Eared Dove  Zenaida auriculata  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Russet-crowned Crake  Rufirallus viridis  Glimpsed at Villa Tapete Verde.

Dark-winged Trumpeter ◊ (Green-w T)  Psophia [viridis] viridis  Endemic.  Glimps of it at Amazonia NP, only Gilberto saw it well, me and one client just glimpsed going away.

Dark-winged Trumpeter ◊ (Brown-w T)  Psophia [viridis] dextralis  Endemic.  Excelent and prolonged views of 7 individuals at Carajas.

Limpkin  Aramus guarauna

Black-necked Stilt  Himantopus mexicanus

Pied Plover  Hoploxypterus cayanus

Southern Lapwing  Vanellus chilensis

Collared Plover  Anarhynchus collaris  Seen at Manaus Airport. 

Wattled Jacana  Jacana jacana

Black Skimmer  Rynchops niger

Yellow-billed Tern  Sternula superciliaris

Large-billed Tern  Phaetusa simplex

Gull-billed Tern  Gelachelidon niloctica  See while we were doing the ferry crossing of the Amazon River (on both rides).

Wood Stork  Mycteria americana

Anhinga  Anhinga anhinga

Neotropic Cormorant  Nannopterum brasilianum

Buff-necked Ibis (MA)  Theristicus caudatus  Seen during the ferry crossing sessions from Santarem-Monte Alegre.

Green Ibis  Mesembrinibis cayennensis

Bare-faced Ibis  Phimosus infuscatus  A group of 4 individuals flew by our hotel in Belem.

Roseate Spoonbill  Platalea ajaja

Rufescent Tiger Heron  Tigrisoma lineatum

Capped Heron  Pilherodius pileatus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Snowy Egret  Egretta thula

Striated Heron  Butorides striata

Great Egret  Ardea alba

Western Cattle Egret  Ardea ibis

Cocoi Heron  Ardea cocoi

King Vulture  Sarcoramphus papa

Black Vulture  Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture  Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture  Cathartes burrovianus  Monte Alegre-Santarem ferry crossing.

Greater Yellow-headed Vulture  Cathartes melambrotus

Osprey  Pandion haliaetus  Seen at Tapajos River, and Santarem-Monte Alegre ferry crossing.

Hook-billed Kite  Chondrohierax uncinatus  Seen at Carajas.

Grey-headed Kite  Leptodon cayanensis  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Swallow-tailed Kite  Elanoides forficatus

Black Hawk-Eagle  Spizaetus tyrannus  (H)

Double-toothed Kite  Harpagus bidentatus

Plumbeous Kite  Ictinia plumbea

Black-collared Hawk  Busarellus nigricollis  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Snail Kite  Rostrhamus sociabilis  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Savanna Hawk  Buteogallus meridionalis

Great Black Hawk  Buteogallus urubitinga

Roadside Hawk  Rupornis magnirostris

White Hawk  Pseudastur albicollis

White-tailed Hawk  Geranoaetus albicaudatus

Grey-lined Hawk  Buteo nitidus

Burrowing Owl  Athene cunicularia  A pair seen at Cerrado habitat at Monte Alegre.

Amazonian Pygmy Owl ◊  Glaucidium hardyi  Seen on different days during the whole tour.

Tropical Screech Owl  Megascops choliba

Tawny-bellied Screech Owl ◊  Megascops [watsonii] usta  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Black-tailed Trogon  Trogon melanurus

Green-backed Trogon  Trogon viridis

Amazonian Trogon  Trogon ramonianus

Blue-crowned Trogon  Trogon curucui

Amazonian Black-throated Trogon  Trogon rufus  Seen at Gunma Reserve and Aguas Verdes area (Carajas).

Collared Trogon  Trogon collaris  (H)  Heard only at Amazonia NP.

Amazon Kingfisher  Chloroceryle amazona 

Green Kingfisher  Chloroceryle americana

Ringed Kingfisher  Megaceryle torquata

Amazonian Motmot  Momotus momota  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Rufous Motmot  Baryphthengus martii  (H)  Heard only at Amazonia NP.

Broad-billed Motmot  Electron platyrhynchum  Great views at Amazonia NP.

Blue-necked Jacamar ◊  Galbula cyanicollis  First seen at Amazonia NP, also very good views at Carajas.

Green-tailed Jacamar  Galbula galbula  Good views at Portal da Amazonia and Monte Alegre.

Paradise Jacamar  Galbula dea  Seen at Amazonia NP and Gunma Reserve.

Great Jacamar  Jacamerops aureus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

White-necked Puffbird  Notharchus hyperrhynchus  (H)

Pied Puffbird  Notharchus tectus  Seen at Aguas Claras, Carajas.

Chestnut-capped Puffbird  Bucco macrodactylus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Spotted Puffbird  Bucco tamatia  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Collared Puffbird  Bucco capensis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Eastern Striolated Puffbird ◊  Nystalus [striolatus] torridus  Endemic.  Seen at Vila Tapete Verde.

Rufous-necked Puffbird  ◊  Malacoptila rufa  Excellent views at Amazonia NP.

Rusty-breasted Nunlet  Nonnula rubecula  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Rufous-capped Nunlet ◊  Nonnula ruficapilla  Seen at Villa Tapete Verde.

Swallow-winged Puffbird  Chelidoptera tenebrosa

Black Nunbird  Monasa atra  Excellent views at Monte Alegre.

Black-fronted Nunbird  Monasa nigrifrons

White-fronted Nunbird  Monasa morphoeus

Black-girdled Barbet ◊  Capito dayi  Seen at the eastern bank of Tapajos River.

Brown-chested Barbet ◊  Capito brunneipectus  Endemic. Good views at Amazonia NP.

Toco Tourcan  Ramphastos toca  Seen at Monte Alegre, also during the Amazon River ferry crossing.

White-throated Toucan  Ramphastos [tucanus] cuvieri

Channel-billed Toucan  Ramphastos [vitellinus] ariel

Lettered Aracari  Pteroglossus inscriptus

Red-necked Aracari ◊  Pteroglossus bitorquatus  Seen at Amazonia NP and Tapajos NP.

Black-necked Aracari  Pteroglossus aracari

Gould’s Toucanet ◊  Selenidera gouldii  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Bar-breasted Piculet  Picumnus aurifrons  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker  Melanerpes cruentatus

Red-stained Woodpecker  Veniliornis affinis  Good views at Tapajos NP.

White-throated Woodpecker  Piculus leucolaemus  Great views at Carajas.

Yellow-throated Woodpecker  Piculus flavigula  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Golden-green Woodpecker  Piculus chrysochloros  Seen at Carajas.

Green-barred Woodpecker  Colaptes melanochloros  Seen at Carajas.

Variable Woodpecker  Celeus undatus  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Chestnut Woodpecker  Celeus elegans  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Ochre-backed Woodpecker ◊  Celeus ochraceus  (H) Endemic.  Heard only at the Cerrado habitat of Monte Alegre.

Cream-colored Woodpecker  Celeus flavus  Seen at Gunma Reserve and Carajas.

Lineated Woodpecker  Dryocopus lineatus

Red-necked Woodpecker  Campephilus rubricollis

Crimson-crested Woodpecker  Campephilus melanoleucos

Crested Caracara  Caracara plancus

Red-throated Caracara  Ibycter americanus

Black Caracara  Daptrius ater  Seen at Tapajos River.

Yellow-headed Caracara  Milvago chimachima

Laughing Falcon  Herpetotheres cachinnans

Barred Forest Falcon  Micrastur ruficollis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Cryptic Forest Falcon ◊  Micrastur mintoni  Seen at Maria Bonita trail.

Slaty-backed Forest Falcon ◊  Micrastur mirandollei  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Collared Forest Falcon  Micrastur semitorquatus (H) 

Bat Falcon  Falco rufigularis

Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet ◊  Touit huetii (H)  Heard at the Canga habitat, Carajas.

Sapphire-rumped Parrotlet ◊  Touit purpuratus (H)  Heard at Gunma Reserve.

White-winged Parakeet  Brotogeris versicolurus  Regular at Monte Alegre.

Golden-winged Parakeet  Brotogeris chrysoptera

Vulturine Parrot ◊  Pyrilia vulturina  Endemic. Very good views at Amazonia NP.

Short-tailed Parrot ◊  Graydidascalus crachyurus  (NL)  Only seen by Johannes, who got a photo of a pair near our accommodations at Portal da Amazonia.

Dusky Parrot  Pionus fuscus  (H)  Heard at Gunma Reserve.

Blue-headed Parrot  Pionus menstruus

Yellow-crowned Amazon  Amazona ochrocephala

Mealy Amazon  Amazona farinosa

Orange-winged Amazon  Amazona amazonica

Green-rumped Parrotlet  Forpus passerinus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

White-bellied Parrot  Pionites leucogaster  Good views near Refugio dos Naturalistas, Belem.

Red-fan Parrot  Deroptyus accipitrinus  (H)  Heard only at Vila Tapete Verde.

Pearly Parakeet ◊  Pyrrhura lepida  Endemic.  First seen at Pojuca Trail at Carajas area. Another encounter later near Aguas Claras area of Carajas.

Crimson-bellied Parakeet ◊  Pyrrhura perlata  Good views of at pair at Amazonia NP.

Santarem Parakeet  Pyrrhura amazonum  Good views at Carajas.

Hyacinth Macaw ◊  Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (H)  Heard only at Pojuca trail, Carajas.

Sulphur-breasted Parakeet ◊ (MA)  Aratinga maculata  The major specialty of the area of Monte Alegre, we got excellent close views of a group of 9 individuals during our first afternoon at Monte Alegre. Another birds seen latter as well.

Red-bellied Macaw  Orthopsittaca manilatus

Blue-and-yellow Macaw  Ara ararauna

Chestnut-fronted Macaw  Ara severus

Scarlet Macaw  Ara macao  Nice views at Carajas.

Red-and-green Macaw  Ara chloropterus

Golden Parakeet ◊  Guaruba guarouba  Endemic.  Great views at Amazonia NP.  First seen at the roosting site of the moment, and another group seen feeding along the Trans Amazonian Road. One of the best Psittacidae of the world.

White-eyed Parakeet  Psittacara leucophthalmus

Olivaceous Woodcreeper  Sittasomus griseicapillus

Mournful Long-tailed Woodcreeper  Deconychura pallida  Seen on the very last afternoon at Carajas.

Plain-brown Woodcreeper  Dendrocincla fuliginosa  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper  Glyphorynchus spirurus

Cinnamon-throated Woodcreeper  Dendrexetastes rufigula

Long-billed Woodcreeper  Nasica longirostris  Best views at Monte Alegre.

Amazonian Barred Woodcreeper  Dendrocolaptes [certhia] concolor  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Black-banded Woodcreeper  Dendrocolaptes picumnus  Seen at Carajas.

Hoffmanns’s Woodcreeper ◊  Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi  Endemic.  Great views at Amazonia NP.

Uniform Woodcreeper ◊ (Brigida’s W)  Hylexetastes [uniformis] brigidai  Endemic subspecies (potential split).  Good views at Carajas.

Strong-billed Woodcreeper  Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Elegant Woodcreeper ◊  Xiphorhynchus elegans  We heard it several times, finally we got to see one bird at Amazonia NP.

Spix’s Woodcreeper ◊  Xiphorhynchus spixii  Endemic.  Good views at Tapajos NP, also at Carajas.

Buff-throated Woodcreeper  Xiphorhynchus guttatus

Straight-billed Woodcreeper  Dendroplex picus

Zimmer’s Woodcreeper ◊ (MA)  Dendroplex kienerii

Xingu Scythebill ◊  Campylorhamphus multostriatus  Endemic.  Good views at Carajas.

Dusky-capped Woodcreeper ◊  Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Dusky-capped Woodcreeper (Layard’s W)  Lepidocolaptes [fuscicapillus] layardi  First seen at the eastern bank of Tapajos River.  Also seen at Carajas.

Amazonian Plain Xenops  Xenops genibarbis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Rufous-tailed Xenops  ◊  Xenops milleri  (NL)  Only Johannes who got a photo in one of the mix species flock at Amazonia NP.

Point-tailed Palmcreeper  Berlepschia rikeri  Great views at Amazonia NP.

Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner  Neophilydor erythrocercum 

Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner  Philydor pyrrhodes  (H)  Heard only at Amazonia NP and Bom Jesus Community, Belem.

Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner  Anabacerthia ruficaudata  (H)  Heard only at Pojuca trail, Carajas.

Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner  Dendroma erythroptera  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner  Automolus rufipileatus  Seen at Vila Tapete Verde.

Ochre-throated Foliage-gleaner  Automolus ochrolaemus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Para Foliage-gleaner ◊  Automolus paraensis  Endemic. Two encounters  at Carajas, one just heard it, and another seen well by the whole group. Usually this could be a very tricky species to see.

Band-tailed (Wing-banded) Hornero ◊  Furnarius figulus  Endemic.  A pair nesting at Monte Alegre.

Lesser Hornero ◊  Furnarius minor  Seen on two opportunities at Monte Alegre.

Plain-crowned Spinetail  Synallaxis gujanensis

Sooty-fronted Spinetail  Synallaxis frontalis  Seen at Canga habitat, Carajas.

Ruddy Spinetail  Synallaxis rutilans  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Wing-banded Antbird ◊  Myrmornis torquata  The whole group saw it at Carajas.

Spot-winged Antshrike  Pygiptila stellaris

Dot-winged Antwren  Microrhopias quixensis

Ornate Stipplethroat  Epinecrophylla ornata  Best views at Pojuca trail, also seen at Amazonia NP.

White-eyed Stipplethroat  Epinecrophylla leucophthalma  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Pygmy Antwren  Myrmotherula brachyura

Amazonian Streaked Antwren  Myrmotherula multostriata  Seen at Tapajos River Islands.

Sclater’s Antwren ◊  Myrmotherula sclateri  Good species of canopy Antwren, seen at Amazonia NP.

White-flanked Antwren  Myrmotherula axillaris

Long-winged Antwren  Myrmotherula longipennis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Ihering’s Antwren ◊  Myrmotherula iheringi  Seen on two occasion at Amazonia NP.  A special Antwren species.

Grey Antwren  Myrmotherula menetriesii  Seen at Amazonia NP, Belem and Carajas.

Southern White-fringed Antwren  Formicivora grisea  Seen at Carajas.

Rusty-backed Antwren  Formicivora rufa  Seen at Cerrado habitat at Monte Alegre.

Banded Antbird  Dichrozona cincta  Great views at Amazonia NP.

Plain-throated Antwren  Isleria hauxwelli  Common at Amazonia NP, also seen at Carajas.

Saturnine Antshrike ◊  Thamnomanes saturninus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Cinereous Antshrike  Thamnomanes caesius  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Rusty-winged Antwren  Herpsilochmus frater

Barred Antshrike  Thamnophilus doliatus

Chestnut-backed Antshrike  Thamnophilus palliatus

Blackish-grey Antshrike  Thamnophilus nigrocinereus  The nominate subspecies, good views at the Tapajos River islands.

White-shouldered Antshrike  Thamnophilus aethiops  Great views at Gunma Reserve.

Plain-winged Antshrike  Thamnophilus schistaceus  Finally seen at Carajas.

Northern Slaty Antshrike (MA)  Thamnophilus punctatus  Great views at Parque Estadual Monte Alegre.

Natterer’s Slaty Antshrike ◊  Thamnophilus stictocephalus  Seen at Carajas village.

Amazonian Antshrike  Thamnophilus amazonicus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Rufous-winged Antshrike  ◊  Thamnophilus torquatus  One individual at the Canga habitat, Carajas. 

Glossy Antshrike ◊  Sakesphorus luctuosus  Endemic.  Great views at Amazonia NP, the Tapajos River Islands and Monte Alegre.

Fasciated Antshrike  Cymbilaimus lineatus

Great Antshrike  Taraba major

Bare-eyed Antbird ◊  Rhegmatorhina gymnops  Endemic.  Good views at Floresta Nacional do Tapajos.

Harlequin Antbird ◊  Rhegmatorhina berlepschi  Endemic.  Great views of a pair in our final full day at Amazonia NP.

Black-spotted Bare-eye  Phlegopsis nigromaculata

Xingu Scale-backed Antbird ◊  Willisornis vidua  Endemic.  Seen at Amazonia NP and Gunma Reserve.

Spix’s Warbling Antbird ◊  Hypocnemis striata  Endemic.  Common at Amazonia NP.

Willis’s Antbird ◊  Cercomacroides laeta  Good views at Belem.

Blackish Antbird  Cercomacroides nigrescens  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Dusky Antbird (MA)  Cercomacroides tyrannina  Great views at Parque Estadual Monte Alegre.

Grey Antbird  Cercomacra cinerascens

Southern Chestnut-tailed Antbird  Sciaphylax hemimelaena  Seen at the eastern side of Tapajos River.

Ferruginous-backed Antbird  Myrmoderus ferrugineus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Band-tailed Antbird  Hypocnemoides maculicauda  Good view at the eastern margin of Tapajos River.

Dot-backed Antbird  Hylophylax punctulatus  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Silvered Antbird  Sclateria naevia  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Rufous-faced Antbird ◊  Myrmelastes rufifacies  Endemic.  Excellent views at Amazonia NP.  Heard only at Maria Bonita Trail at Carajas.

White-bellied Antbird (MA)  Myrmeciza longipes. Great views at Parque Estadual Monte Alegre.

Black-faced Antbird  Myrmoborus myotherinus

White-browed Antbird  Myrmoborus leucophrys  Seen at Vila Tapete Verde.

Tapajos Fire-eye ◊  Pyriglena similis  Endemic. One of the restricted specialties of theTapajos-Xingu interfluve.

East Amazonian Fire-eye ◊  Pyriglena leuconota  Endemic. Good views at Gunma Reserve and Carajas.

Rufous-capped Antthrush  Formicarius colma  (H & LO)  We had and encounter at Maria Bonita trail, but only seen by leader.

Black-faced Antthrush  Formicarius analis  (H)

Snethlage’s Antpitta ◊  Hylopezus paraensis  Endemic.  Finally, we managed to see it at Maria Bonita trail.

Alta Floresta Antpitta ◊  Hylopezus whittakeri  Endemic.  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Amazonian Antpitta  Myrmothera berlepschi  Seen at Vila Tapete Verde, Parauebas area.

Black-breasted Gnateater ◊  Conopophaga snethlageae  Endemic. Seen on 3 different opportunities at Carajas. 

Black-bellied Gnateater ◊  Conopophaga melanogaster  Endemic. Seen at Carajas.

Hooded Gneteater ◊  Conopophaga roberti  Endemic.  Good views at Gunma Ecological Park, Belem.

Rusty-belted Tapaculo  Liosceles thoracicus  Amazing views in the open, at Amazonia National Park.

Wing-barred Piprites  Piprites chloris  Great views at Pojuca Trail, Carajas.

Golden-crowned Spadebill  Platyrinchus coronatus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

White-crested Spadebill  Platyrinchus platyrhynchos  Seen at Carajas.

McConnell’s Flycatcher ◊  Mionectes oleagineus  Seen at Amazonia NP. 

Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet  Tyrannulus elatus

Forest Elaenia  Myiopagis gaimardii

Amazonian Elaenia ◊  Myiopagis cinerea  A pair seen at Pojuca Trail, Carajas.

Greenish Elaenia  Myiopagis viridicata  One bird seen near varzea habitat at Amazonia NP.

Yellow-bellied Elaenia  Elaenia flavogaster

Small-billed Elaenia  Elaenia parvirostris

Plain-crested Elaenia  Elaenia cristata  Seen at Canga habitat, Carajas.

White-lored Tyrannulet  Ornithion inerme  Seen at Carajas.

Southern Beardless Tyrannulet  Camptostoma obsoletum

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet  Nesotriccus murinus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Yellow Tyrannulet  Capsiempis flaveola  Seen at Tapajos River islands.

Guianan Tyrannulet  Zimmerius acer  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Amazonian Scrub Flycatcher ◊  Sublegatus obscurior  Seen at Carajas.

Southern Scrub Flycatcher  Sublegatus modestus  Seen at Cerrado habitat at Monte Alegre.

Amazonian Inezia  Inezia subflava  Seen at Tapajos River islands.

Snethlage’s Tody-Tyrant ◊  Hemitriccus minor  Seen at Amazonia NP, best views at Carajas.

Zimmer’s Tody-Tyrant ◊  Hemitriccus minimus  Seen at Canga habitat, Carajas.

Short-tailed Pygmy Tyrant  Myiornis ecaudatus

Helmeted Pygmy Tyrant  Lophotriccus galeatus  Seen at the eastern margin of Tapajos River, also at Gunma Reserve.

Black-and-white Tody-Flycatcher ◊  Poecilotriccus capitalis  Seen at Vila Tapete Verde.

Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher  Poecilotriccus sylvia  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Black-chested Tyrant ◊  Taeniotriccus andrei  Seen at Gunma Reserve, and Vila Tapete Verde.

Spotted Tody-Flycatcher  Todirostrum maculatum

Common Tody-Flycatcher  Todirostrum cinereum

Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher  Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum

Eastern Olivaceous Flatbill  Rhynchocyclus olivaceus  Seen joining mix species flocks at Amazonia NP.

Yellow-margined Flatbill ◊  Tolmomyias [assimilis] paraensis  Seen at Parque Estadual Monte Alegre and Carajas.

Grey-crowned Flatbill  Tolmomyias poliocephalus 

Ochre-lored Flatbill  Tolmomyias flaviventris

Cliff Flycatcher  Hirundinea ferruginea  Seen at Carajas village.

Long-tailed Tyrant  Colonia colonus 

White-headed Marsh Tyrant  Arudinicola leucocephala  Seen when we were leaving Monte Alegre by ferry.

Piratic Flycatcher  Legatus leucophaius

Rusty-margined Flycatcher  Myiozetetes cayanensis

Social Flycatcher  Myiozetetes similis

Dusky-chested Flycatcher  Myiozetetes luteiventris  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Great Kiskadee  Pitangus sulphuratus

Lesser Kiskadee  Philohydor lictor

Streaked Flycatcher  Myiodynastes maculatus

Boat-billed Flycatcher  Megarynchus pitangua

Sulphury Flycatcher  Tyrannopsis sulphurea  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Variegated Flycatcher  Empidonomus varius

Crowned Slaty Flycatcher  Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus

White-throated Kingbird  Tyrannus albogularis  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Tropical Kingbird  Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher  Tyrannus savana

Greyish Mourner  Rhytipterna simplex  Seen at Tapajos NP.

Rufous Casiornis  Casiornis rufus  Seen at Pojuca trail, Carajas.

Ash-throated Casiornis ◊  Casiornis fuscus  Endemic.  Seen at Canga habitat at Carajas.

Dusky-capped Flycatcher  Myiarchus tuberculifer

Short-crested Flycatcher  Myiarchus ferox

Brown-crested Flycatcher  Myiarchus tyrannulus  Seen at Monte Alegre.

Cinnamon Attila  Attila cinnamomeus  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Bright-rumped Attila  Attila spadiceus

Guianan Red Cotinga ◊  Phoenicircus carnifex  Great views at Carajas.

Purple-throated Fruitcrow  Querula purpurata 

Screaming Piha  Lipaugus vociferans 

White Bellbird ◊  Procnias [albus] wallacei  Amazing views at Carajas.

Spangled Cotinga  Cotinga cayana

Purple-breasted Cotinga ◊  Cotinga cotinga  Seen at Pojuca trail, Carajas.

Bare-necked Fruitcrow  Gymnoderus foetidus

White-tailed Cotinga ◊  Xipholena lamellipennis  Endemic.  Great views of two males at the Canga habitat at Carajas.

Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin  Tyranneutes stolzmanni

Pale-bellied Tyrant Manakin ◊  Neopelma pallescens  Seen at Canga habitat at Carajas.

Snow-capped Manakin ◊  Lepidothrix nattereri

Opal-crowned Manakin ◊  Lepidothrix iris  Endemic.  We saw the subspecies eucephala at the east bank of Tapajos River.  The nominate subspecies just heard only at Gunma Ecological Park, Belem.

Flame-crested Manakin ◊  Heterocercus linteatus

White-bearded Manakin  Manacus manacus  Seen at Tapajos NP.

Crimson-hooded Manakin  Pipra aureola  Seen at Bom Jesus Community, Belem.

Band-tailed Manakin  Pipra fasciicauda  Seen at Carajas.

Fiery-capped Manakin  Machaeropterus pyrocephalus  (H)  Heard only at Amazonia NP.

Red-headed Manakin  Ceratopipra rubrocapilla  Seen at Amazonia NP, Gunma Reserve and Carajas.

Black-crowned Tityra  Tityra inquisitor

Black-tailed Tityra  Tityra cayana

Masked Tityra  Tityra semifasciata

Brown-winged Schiffornis  Schiffornis turdina  Finally seen at Pojuca trail.

Cinereous Mourner  Laniocera hypopyrra  Great views at Amazonia NP.

White-browed Purpletuft  Iodopleura isabellae  Seen at Carajas.

Cinereous Becard  Pachyramphus rufus  Good views of a female near Refugio dos Naturalistas, Belem.

Chestnut-crowned Becard  Pachyramphus castaneus

White-winged Becard  Pachyramphus polychopterus

Black-capped Becard  Pachyramphus marginatus  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Pink-throated Becard  Pachyramphus minor  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Crested Becard  Pachyramphus Validus  Seen at Carajas.

Sharpbill  Oxyruncus cristatus  Seen at Carajas. The subspecies tocantinsi. A member of a monotypic family.

Rufous-browed Peppershrike  Cyclarhis gujanensis

Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo  Vireolanius leucotis  Seen at Tapajos NP and Carajas.

Ashy-headed Greenlet ◊  Hylophilus pectoralis  Seen at Cerrado habitat at Monte Alegre.

Grey-chested Greenlet ◊  Hylophilus semicinereus  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Para Greenlet ◊  Tunchiornis rubifrons  Endemic.  A recent split of the former Tawny-crowned Greenlet, first time seen it on a Birdquest Tour under this name.  Seen joining a mix species flock at Amazonia NP.

Dusky-capped Greenlet  Pachysylvia hypoxantha

Chivi Vireo  Vireo chivi

White-winged Swallow  Tachycineta albiventer

Brown-chested Martin  Progne tapera  Best views at Monte Alegre.

Southern Martin  Progne elegans  Seen at Manaus Airport.

Grey-breasted Martin  Progne chalybea

Southern Rough-winged Swallow  Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

White-banded Swallow  Atticora fasciata

White-thighed Swallow  Atticora tibialis  One individual at Pojuca Trail, Carajas.

Black-collared Swallow  Pygochelidon melanoleuca  Seen at the Tapajos River, a localized species of Amazonian rivers with rapids.

Black-capped Donacobius  Donacobius atricapilla  Seen at Amazonia NP, a member of a monotypic family.

Thrush-like Wren  Campylorhynchus turdinus

Moustached Wren  Pheugopedius genibarbis

Coraya Wren  Pheugopedius coraya

Buff-breasted Wren  Cantorchilus leucotis

Southern House Wren  Troglodytes musculus

Trilling Gnatwren  Ramphocaenus melanurus

Chalk-browed Mockingbird  Mimus saturninus  Seen at Cerrado habitat at Monte Alegre.

Para Gnatcatcher ◊  Polioptila paraensis  (H)  Heard only at Pojuca Trail, Carajas.

Tropical Gnatcatcher  Polioptila plumbea  Seen at Monte Alegre and Gunma Reserve.

White-necked Thrush  Turdus albicollis  Seen at Carajas.

Pale-breasted Thrush  Turdus leucomelas  Seen at Monte Alegre and Carajas.

Cocoa Thrush  Turdus fumigatus  Good views at Pojuca Trail, Carajas.

Hauxwell’s Thrush  Turdus hauxwelli  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Spectacled Thrush  Turdus nudigenis  Seen at Carajas, not a common species to see in Brazil.

House Sparrow (introduced)  Passer domesticus

Purple-throated Euphonia  Euphonia chlorotica

White-lored Euphonia  Euphonia chrysopasta

White-vented Euphonia  Euphonia minuta  Seen at Carajas.

Violaceous Euphonia  Euphonia violacea  Best views at Gunma Reserve.

Golden-sided Euphonia  Euphonia cayennensis  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Rufous-bellied Euphonia  Euphonia rufiventris  Seen at Carajas.

Grassland Sparrow  Ammodramus humeralis  Seen at Cerrado habitat of Monte Alegre.

Yellow-browed Sparrow  Ammodramus aurifrons

Pectoral Sparrow  Arremon taciturnus  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Rufous-collared Sparrow  Zonotrichia capensis  Seen at Cerrado habitat of Monte Alegre.

Red-breasted Meadowlark  Leistes militaris

Crested Oropendola  Psarocolius decumanus

Green Oropendola  Psarocolius viridis 

Olive Oropendola  Psarocolius bifasciatus

Yellow-rumped Cacique  Cacicus cela

Red-rumped Cacique  Cacicus haemorrhous  Seen at Gunma Reserve.

Epaulet Oriole  Icterus cayanensis  Seen at Amazonia NP.

Giant Cowbird  Molothrus oryzivorus 

Shiny Cowbird  Molothrus bonariensis

Oriole Blackbird  Gymnomystax mexicanus  Seen during the ferry crossing of the Amazon River.

Yellow-hooded Blackbird (MA)  Chrysomus icterocephalus  Best views at Monte Alegre, but also during the ferry crossing of the Amazon River.

Riverbank Warbler  Myiothypis rivularis  Seen at Bom Jesus Community, Belem.

Rose-breasted Chat ◊  Granatellus pelzelni  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Red-billed Pied Tanager ◊  Lamprospiza melanoleuca  Seen at Amazonia NP and Carajas.

Yellow-green Grosbeak  Caryothraustes canadensis  Seen at Bom Jesus Community, Belem.

Amazonian Grosbeak  Cyanoloxia rothschildii  (H)  Heard only at Carajas.

Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak  Parkerthraustes humeralis  Seen at Amazonia NP, and uncommon species in through the Amazon.

Guira Tanager  Hemithraupis guira

Swallow Tanager  Tersina viridis

Purple Honeycreeper  Cyanerpes caeruleus

Short-billed Honeycreeper  Cyanerpes nitidus  Good views at Amazonia NP.

Blue Dacnis  Dacnis cayana

Black-faced Dacnis  Dacnis lineata

Saffron Finch  Sicalis luteola  Seen at Santarem and at Monte Alegre.

Bluish-grey Saltator  Saltator coerulescens

Buff-throated Saltator  Saltator maximus

Slate-colored Grosbeak  Saltator grossus  Seen at Carajas.

Bananaquit  Coereba flaveola

Blue-black Grassquit  Volatinia jacarina

Flame-crested Tanager  Loriotus cristatus

White-shouldered Tanager  Loriotus luctuosus

White-lined Tanager  Tachyphonus rufus

Silver-beaked Tanager  Ramphocelus carbo

Wing-barred Seedeater  Sporophila americana  Refugio dos Naturalistas, Belem.  

Yellow-bellied Seedeater  Sporophila nigricollis

Magpie Tanager  Cissopis leverianus

Black-faced Tanager  Schistochlamys melanopis  Seen at Canga forest habitat at Carajas.

Red-capped Cardinal  Paroaria gularis

Spotted Tanager  Ixothraupis punctata  Only seen at Carajas.

Blue-grey Tanager  Thraupis episcopus 

Palm Tanager  Thraupis palmarum

Masked Tanager  Stilpnia nigrocincta  Only seen at Carajas.

Turquoise Tanager  Tangara mexicana

Opal-rumped Tanager  Tangara velia  A pair seen at Amazonia NP.

Mammal List

Brown-throated Three-toed Sloth  Bradypus variegatus  One seen at Carajas.

South American Coati  Nasua nasua  Seen at Carajas.

Common Red Brocket (R B Deer)  Mazama americana  Seen at Carajas.

Amazon River Dolphin ◊  Inia geoffrensis  Seen at Tapajos River.

Tucuxi ◊  Sotalia fluviatilis  One of the two species of river dolphins seen at Tapajos River.

Guianan Squirrel Monkey  Saimiri sciureus

Brown Capuchin (Brown C Monkey)  Sapajus apella

Golden-and-white Bare-ear Marmoset  Mico leucippe

Western Black-handed Tamarin  Saguinus niger  This was the species seen at Carajas.

Eastern Black-handed Tamarin  Saguinus ursula  This was the species seen at Gunma Reserve.

Uta Hick’s Bearded Saki  Chiropotes utahickae  Seen at Vila Tapete, Verde. Parauebas.

Red-bellied Titi (Dusky T)  Plecturocebus moloch  Seen at Vila Tapete, Verde. Parauebas.  Also heard at Amazonia NP.

Eastern Red-handed Howler  Alouatta belzebul  Seen at Carajas.

Spix’s Red-handed Howler  Alouatta discolor  Seen at the eastern side of Tapajos River.

Guianan Red Howler  Alouatta macconnelli  Seen at Monte Alegre Estadual Park.

Common Red-rumped Agouti  Dasyprocta leporina